{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:27:39Z","timestamp":1787837259887,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pol Przegl Chir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Anal fissure is one of the most common anorectal diseases resulting from a longitudinal tear in anoderm under the dentate line. It causes painful defecation and bleeding per anum. Most of the fissures heal by conservative means but a significant proportion turns chronic leading to a negative impact upon the overall quality of life of a patient. The treatment options for chronic fissures are generally based on reducing the anal pressures and include non-surgical and surgical options.  Lateral internal sphincterotomy still remains the gold standard for definitive management of anal fissure though anal incontinence is a serious complication of the procedure.   In recent years, various modifications have evolved to minimize changes of incontinence besides the evolution of wide range of non-surgical options of management. \nThis review outlines the key points in the clinical presentation, etio-pathogenesis, impact on quality of life and management of anal fissure in the light of the recent updates in literature. \n\n\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0014.7879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T12:42:52Z","timestamp":1620218572000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Anal Fissure \u2013 an extensive update"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Sajad Ahmad","family":"Salati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3689","container-title":["Polish Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T12:42:56Z","timestamp":1620218576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ppch.pl\/gicid\/01.3001.0014.7879"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/01.3001.0014.7879","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-373X","2299-2847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-373X","type":"print"},{"value":"2299-2847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]}}}