{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T16:34:56Z","timestamp":1777048496367,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"abstract":"<br><b>Introduction:<\/b>The International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) is a consensus document created to standardize and specify the naming of cells within the region of the frontal recess and frontal sinus.<\/br> \n<br><b>Aim:<\/b> The aim of this study was to analyze the difficulties in identifying cells according to the IFAC in patients with diffuse primary chronic rhinosinusitis.<\/br> \n<br><b>Material and methods:<\/b> Three independent reviewers examined triplanar computed tomography (CT) scans to assess the anatomy of the frontal recess using the IFAC system. CT scans were chosen randomly and divided into 3 groups: CT scans of patients not presenting sinus complaints (control group), CT scans of patients affected by diffuse primary chronic rhinosinusitis non-type 2, and CT scans of patients affected by diffuse primary chronic rhinosinusitis type 2.<\/br> \n<br><b>Results:<\/b> Identification of all frontal cell types was accurate in patients not presenting sinus complaints (P-value < 0.05). Patients scoring 9 or more points in the Lund-Mackay scoring system demonstrated a statistically increased risk of improper identification of frontal recess cells (P-value < 0.0001).<\/br> \n<br><b>Conclusions:<\/b> Due to a large number of possible anatomical variants and changes caused by the chronic inflammatory disease, the IFAC nomenclatura is easier to apply to non-type 2 primary diffuse CRS patients with low scores in the L-M score scale than to primary diffuse type 2 CRS patients with higher M-L scores.<\/br>\n\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0015.6959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T13:25:42Z","timestamp":1647437142000},"page":"7-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Three-dimensional computed tomography\nanalysis of frontal recess cells according to\nthe International Frontal Sinus Anatomy\nClassification (IFAC) \u2013 difficulties in\nidentification of frontal recess cells in patients\nwith diffuse primary chronic rhinosinusitis?"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Weronika","family":"Jaremek-Ochniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Czerniakowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Sierdzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariola","family":"Popko-Zagor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Czerniakowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"226593r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wormald P.-J., Hoseman W., Callejas C. et al.: The International FrontalSinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) and Classification of the Extent ofEndoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery (EFSS). Int Forum Allergy Rhinol., 2016;6(7): 677\u2013696. doi: 10.1002\/alr.21738.","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21738"},{"key":"226593r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs J.B.: 100 Years of Frontal Sinus Surgery. Laryngoscope, 1997; 107(11Pt 2): 1\u201336.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199711001-00001"},{"key":"226593r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papadopoulou A.M., Chrysikos D., Samolis A., Tsakotos G., Troupis T.:Anatomical Variations of the Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses: A SystematicReview. Cureus., 2021; 13(1): e12727.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12727"},{"key":"226593r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dassi C.S., Demarco F.R., Mangussi-Gomes J. et al.: The Frontal Sinus andFrontal Recess: Anatomical, Radiological and Surgical Concepts. Int ArchOtorhinolaryngol., 2020; 24(3): e364\u2013e375.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713923"},{"key":"226593r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommer F., Hoffmann T.K., Harter L. at al.: Incidence of anatomical variationsaccording to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification(IFAC) and their coincidence with radiological sings of opacification. EurArch Otorhinolaryngol., 2019; 276(11): 3139\u20133146.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05612-4"},{"key":"226593r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gotlib T., Ku\u017ami\u0144ska M., Ko\u0142odziejczyk P., Niemczyk K.: Lateral frontoethmoidalcell obstructing frontal sinus drainage pathway \u2013 report of six cases.Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques, 2018; 13(3): 420\u2013428.","DOI":"10.5114\/wiitm.2018.75885"},{"key":"226593r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gotlib T., Ko\u0142odziejczyk P., Ku\u017ami\u0144ska M., Bobecka-Weso\u0142owska K., NiemczykK.: Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of frontoethmoidalcells: A critical evaluation of the International Frontal Sinus AnatomyClassification (IFAC). Clin Otolaryngol., 2019; 44(6): 954\u2013960.","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13412"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngologia Polska"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/pdf\/01.3001.0015.6959","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/pdf\/01.3001.0015.6959","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T08:58:41Z","timestamp":1651222721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/01.3001.0015.6959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/01.3001.0015.6959","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6657","2300-8423"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6657","type":"print"},{"value":"2300-8423","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]}}}