{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:19:06Z","timestamp":1787159946619,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"SUPLEMENT 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pol Przegl Chir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Testicular and scrotal abnormalities can occur in children, adolescents, and adults. The lesions, often accompanied by pain  and swelling\/enlargement of the scrotum, can cause anxiety in patients and their parents. Regardless of age, proper diagnosis  is based on adequate anamnesis and physical examination. Color Doppler ultrasound is the first-line test in the differential  process of testicular and scrotal diseases. Testicular and scrotal lesions require differentiation for benign and malignant  processes as well as therapeutic management, including urgent surgical intervention. The aim of this paper is to present the  most common causes of testicular and scrotal abnormalities in pediatric and adult patients and to outline the symptoms and  diagnostic and therapeutic management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0053.9349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T09:04:51Z","timestamp":1706259891000},"page":"88-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Testicular and scrotal abnormalities in pediatric and adult patients"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4714-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Traumatology and Urology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2332-2750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danuta","family":"Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Ma\u0144kowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Traumatology and Urology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"613476r1","unstructured":"Crawford P., Crop J.A.: Evaluation of scrotal masses. 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