{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T18:46:32Z","timestamp":1767033992226,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/b&gt; The choice of treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS) depends on several factors, including the tumor size, the patient\u2019s age and overall health, and the presence and severity of symptoms.&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;\/b&gt; The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of intentional subtotal resection (STR) of tumor followed by Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in patients with larger VS (Koos 3 and 4).&lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;\/b&gt; The retrospective analysis was performed on 18 patients. Data of VS volumes measured in MRI, the facial nerve function assessed in the House-Brackmann scoring system (HB), and the results of audiological examination expressed on the Gardner-Robertson scale (GR) were collected preoperatively, postoperatively, and post-GKS.&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;\/b&gt; Preoperatively, the main symptom was hearing loss observed in 13 out of 18 patients. The facial nerve function was assessed as HB 1 in 16, whereas HB 2 in 2 patients. The mean volume of the tumor in the initial MRI amounted to 16.81 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;\/sup&gt; . Postoperatively, the facial nerve was assessed as HB 1 or 2 in 16, whereas HB 3 in 2 patients. Serviceable hearing was presented by only 4 persons. The Mean diameter of the tumor after subtotal surgery amounted to 3.16 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;\/sup&gt; , 1.83 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;\/sup&gt;  after GKS, and 1.58 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;\/sup&gt; at the last follow-up. The facial nerve function and hearing level remained the same as before GKS in all patients.&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/b&gt; STR followed by GKS can be a safe and effective method of treatment of large VS concerning the functional outcome of the facial nerve and the tumor volume growth control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0054.5437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T13:17:25Z","timestamp":1721740645000},"page":"7-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Subtotal resection of vestibular schwannoma with subsequent Gamma Knife irradiation \u2013 tumor growth control, facial and cochlear nerve outcome \u2013 preliminary results"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0609-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Turek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brodno Masovian Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Dro\u017cd\u017c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brodno Masovian Hospital, Warsaw, Poland, Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8262-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Dzierz\u0119cki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Centre, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4211-7664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"D\u017caman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Gruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Centre, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Zieli\u0144ska-Turek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The National Institute of Medicine of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Gajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Bodzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Centre, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6847-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Z\u0105bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Medical Centre, Warsaw, Poland, Department of Neurosurgery, Brodno Masovian Hospital, Warsaw, Poland, Gamma Knife Centre, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"621445r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinaldi V., Casale M., Bressi F. et al.: Facial nerve outcome after vestibularschwannoma surgery: our experience. 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