{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T11:03:09Z","timestamp":1768215789614,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"abstract":"<ns3:p>&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/b&gt; Non-specific orbital inflammation (NSOI), or orbital pseudotumor, is the third most common orbital disease, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. A dysregulated immune response to infections or trauma, including surgery, has been proposed as a contributing factor. However, reports of NSOI coexisting with sinusitis are scarce and mostly limited to isolated case reports.&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;\/b&gt; This study examines a subset of NSOI patients with coexisting chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), aiming to explore potential pathophysiological links and evaluate treatment outcomes.&lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;\/b&gt; Between 2014 and 2024, 34 patients with NSOI were assessed at the Medical University of Bialystok. In 7 cases (20%), NSOI was associated with CRSwNP. Diagnosis was confirmed through orbital tissue biopsy and exclusion of systemic diseases.&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;\/b&gt; Orbital symptoms \u2013 diplopia, proptosis, and pain \u2013 developed after sinonasal symptoms and surgical intervention in all cases. Early bacteriological cultures showed various pathogens, but intraoperative cultures during remission were sterile. Tissue or blood eosinophilia, along with recurrent exacerbations and signs of bacterial infection, suggested a mixed type 2\/type 3 inflammatory endotype. Imaging revealed orbital wall defects with new bone formation (osteogenesis), and histopathology showed marked fibrosis. Treatment with corticosteroids led to partial stabilization in four patients; two required immunosuppressants and two underwent radiotherapy. None achieved complete remission.&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/b&gt; These findings suggest that chronic rhinosinusitis may trigger or worsen NSOI in susceptible individuals, particularly those with underlying immune dysregulation. Standard treatments are often ineffective in advanced fibrotic stages, highlighting the need for tailored, multidisciplinary approaches and further research into the underlying mechanisms.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0055.4692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T10:45:26Z","timestamp":1767005126000},"page":"35-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-specific Orbital Inflammation of Sinonasal Origin"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Sie\u015bkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Bro\u017cek-M\u0105dry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Lisowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Sierko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; Department of Radiotherapy I, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Resze\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"\u0141yso\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"634180r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs D., Galetta S.: Diagnosis and management of orbital pseudotumor.Curr Opin Ophthalmol., 2002; 13(6): 347\u2013351. doi: 10.1097\/00055735--200212000-00001.","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200212000-00001"},{"key":"634180r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang Y., Shen B., Dai Q. et al.: Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor: new advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Eur J Med Res., 2023; 28(1): 395 doi: 10.1186\/s40001-023-01330-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01330-0"},{"key":"634180r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhry I.A., Shamsi F.A., Arat Y.O. et al.: Orbital pseudotumor: distinct diagnostic features and management. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol., 2008; 15(1): 17\u201327.","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.53370"},{"key":"634180r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber A.L., Romo L.V., Sabates N.R.: Pseudotumor of the orbit \u2013 clinical,pathologic, and radiologic evaluation. Radiol Clin N Am., 1999; 37(1): 151.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(05)70084-1"},{"key":"634180r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J., Ye H., Xiao W. et al.: Increased dysfunctional and plasticregulatoryt cells in idiopathic orbital inflammation. Front Immunol., 2021; 12: 634847.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.634847"},{"key":"634180r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patnana M., Sevrukov A.B., Elsayes K.M. et al.: Inflammatory pseudotumor:the great mimicker. AJR Am J Roentgenol., 2012; 198(3): W217\u2013227. doi:10.2214\/AJR.11.7288.","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7288"},{"key":"634180r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Vuysere S., Hermans R., Sciot R., Crevits I., Marchal G.: Extraorbital inflammatory pseudotumor of the head and neck: CT and MR findings in threepatients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol., 1999; 20(6): 1133\u20131139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2171(99)90016-1"},{"key":"634180r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bijlsma W.R., Kalmann R., Dekkers J. et al.: Identification of infectious entities in idiopathic orbital inflammation biopsies. Br J Ophthalmol., 2013; 97(5):664\u2013665. doi: 10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302926.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302926"},{"key":"634180r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris G.J.: Idiopathic orbital inflammation: a pathogenetic constructand treatment strategy: The 2005 ASOPRS Foundation Lecture. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg., 2006; 22(2): 79\u201386. doi: 10.1097\/01.iop.0000203734.52333.93.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000203734.52333.93"},{"key":"634180r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proia A.D., McCall C.M., Kim J.S., Leyngold I.M.: Idiopathic orbital inflammation with bone destruction and extension into the paranasal sinuses. Surv Ophthalmol., 2019; 64(3): 365\u2013379. doi: 10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.01.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.01.012"},{"key":"634180r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desai S.V., Spinazzi E.F., Fang C.H. et al.: Sinonasal and ventral skull base inflammatory pseudotumor: a systematic review. Laryngoscope., 2015; 125(4):813\u2013821. doi: 10.1002\/lary.24993.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24993"},{"key":"634180r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dylewski J.S., Drummond R., Townsend T.: Orbital myositis complicatingsinusitis. Can J Infect Dis., 2001; 12(1): 51\u201353. doi: 10.1155\/2001\/391964.","DOI":"10.1155\/2001\/391964"},{"key":"634180r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hankey G.J., Silbert P.L., Edis R.H., Nicoll A.M.: Orbital myositis: a study ofsix cases. Aust N Z J Med., 1987; 17: 585\u2013591.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01264.x"},{"key":"634180r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tokunaga T., Sakashita M., Haruna T. et al.: Novel scoring system and algorithm for classifying chronic rhinosinusitis: The JESREC Study. Allergy., 2015;70(8): 995\u20131003.","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12644"},{"key":"634180r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd J.T., Khanwalkar A.R.: Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Currentand Emerging. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am., 2024; 44(4): 657\u2013671. doi:10.1016\/j.iac.2024.07.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2024.07.005"},{"key":"634180r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mombaerts I., Bilyk J.R., Rose G.E. et al.: Expert Panel of the Orbital Society.Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria of Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation Using aModified Delphi Approach. JAMA Ophthalmol., 2017; 135(7): 769\u2013776. doi:10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.1581.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.1581"},{"key":"634180r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staudacher A.G., Peters A.T., Kato A., Stevens W.W.: Use of endotypes, phenotypes, and inflammatory markers to guide treatment decisions in chronicrhinosinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol., 2020; 124(4): 318\u2013325. doi:10.1016\/j.anai.2020.01.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.01.013"},{"key":"634180r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Som P.M., Brandwein M.S., Maldjian C., Reino A.J., Lawson W.: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the maxillary sinus: CT and MR findings in six cases.AJR Am J Roentgenol., 1994; 163(3): 689\u2013692. doi: 10.2214\/ajr.163.3.8079869.","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.163.3.8079869"},{"key":"634180r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weisman R.A., Osguthorpe J.D.: Pseudotumor of the head and neck masquerading as neoplasia. Laryngoscope., 1988; 98(6 Pt 1): 610\u2013614. doi:10.1288\/00005537-198806000-00006.","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198806000-00006"},{"key":"634180r20","unstructured":"Takimoto T., Kathoh T., Ohmura T. et al.: Inflammatory pseudotumour ofthe maxillary sinus mimicking malignancy. Rhinology., 1990; 28(2): 123\u2013127."},{"key":"634180r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee M.J., Planck S.R., Choi D. et al.: Non-specific orbital inflammation: Current understanding and unmet needs. Prog Retin Eye Res., 2021; 81: 100885.doi: 10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100885.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100885"},{"key":"634180r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams S.B., Foss R.D., Ellis G.L.: Inflammatory pseudotumors of the majorsalivary glands: clinicopathologic and immuno histochemical analysis of sixcases. Am J Surg Pathol., 1992; 16: 896\u2013902.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199209000-00008"},{"key":"634180r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mombaerts I., Ramberg I., Coupland S.E., Heegaard S.: Diagnosis of orbitalmass lesions: clinical, radiological, and pathological recommendations. SurvOphthalmol., 2019; 64: 741\u2013756.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.06.006"},{"key":"634180r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sclafani A.P., Kimmelman C.P., McCormick S.A.: Inflammatory pseudotumorof the larynx: comparison with orbital inflammatory pseudotumor with clinicalimplications. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 1993; 109: 548\u2013551.","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310900327"},{"key":"634180r25","unstructured":"Pillai P., Saini J.S.: Bilateral sino-orbital pseudotumour. Can J Ophthalmol.,1988; 23: 177\u2013180."},{"key":"634180r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montagnese F., Wenninger S., Schoser B.: Orbiting around\u201d the orbital myositis:clinical features, differential diagnosis and therapy. J Neurol., 2016; 263: 631\u2013640.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7926-x"},{"key":"634180r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mombaerts, I., Schlingemann, R.O., Goldschmeding, R., Koornneef, L., 1996b.Are systemic corticosteroids useful in the management of orbital pseudotumors? Ophthalmology 103, 521\u2013528.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30663-5"},{"key":"634180r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuen S.J., Rubin P.A.: Idiopathic orbital inflammation: distribution, clinicalfeatures, and treatment outcome. Arch Ophthalmol., 2003., 121: 491\u2013499.","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.4.491"},{"key":"634180r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garg V., Temin N., Hildenbrand P., Silverman M., Catalano P.J.: Inflammatorypseudotumor of the skull base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 2010; 142(1):129\u2013131. doi: 10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.010"},{"key":"634180r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perkins S.J., Gao R., Glazer T.A. et al.: Treatment and Prognosis of Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Skull Base. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base., 2021; 83(Suppl2): e555\u2013e563. doi: 10.1055\/s-0041-1735558.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735558"},{"key":"634180r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bijlsma W.R., Paridaens D., Kalmann R.: Treatment of severe idiopathic orbital inflammation with intravenous methylprednisolone. Br J Ophthalmol.,2011; 95: 1068\u20131071.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.195552"},{"key":"634180r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braich P.S., Kuriakose R.K., Khokhar N.S., Donaldson J.C., McCulley T.J.: Factors associated with multiple recurrences of nonspecific orbital inflammationaka orbital pseudotumor. Int Ophthalmol., 2018; 38: 1485\u20131495.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0610-7"},{"key":"634180r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anggraini N., Siregar N.C., Sitorus R.S.: Recurrence of Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation: An 11-year Retrospective Study. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol.,2024; 30(2): 89\u201397. doi: 10.4103\/meajo.meajo_225_21.","DOI":"10.4103\/meajo.meajo_225_21"},{"key":"634180r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith J.R., Rosenbaum J.T.: A role for methotrexate in the management ofnon-infectious orbital inflammatory disease. Br J Ophthalmol., 2001; 85(10):1220\u20131224. doi: 10.1136\/bjo.85.10.1220.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.10.1220"},{"key":"634180r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu K.Y, Kulbay M., Daigle P., Nguyen B.H., Tran S.D.: Nonspecific OrbitalInflammation (NSOI): Unraveling the Molecular Pathogenesis, DiagnosticModalities, and Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci., 2024; 25(3): 1553.doi: 10.3390\/ijms25031553.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031553"},{"key":"634180r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fionda B., Pagliara M.M., Lancellotta V. et al.: The Role of Radiotherapy in Orbital Pseudotumor: A Systematic Review of Literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm.,2022; 30(5): 1162\u20131167. doi: 10.1080\/09273948.2020.1871493.","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1871493"},{"key":"634180r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sergott R.C., Glaser J.S., Charyulu K.: Radiotherapy for idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumor. Indications and results. Arch Ophthalmol., 1981;99: 853\u2013856. doi: 10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010853013.","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010853013"},{"key":"634180r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orcutt J.C., Garner A., Henk J.M., Wright J.E.: Treatment of idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumours by radiotherapy. Br J Ophthalmol., 1983; 67:570\u2013574. doi: 10.1136\/bjo.67.9.570.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.67.9.570"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngologia Polska"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/pdf\/01.3001.0055.4692","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/pdf\/01.3001.0055.4692","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T07:56:15Z","timestamp":1768204575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/01.3001.0055.4692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/01.3001.0055.4692","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6657","2300-8423"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6657","type":"print"},{"value":"2300-8423","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]}}}