{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T22:19:24Z","timestamp":1773094764306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"abstract":"<ns3:p>&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/b&gt; Epicutaneous sensitization (ES) plays a role in the onset of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), bronchial asthma, and food allergies, but its effects on nasal allergic diseases remain unclear.  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;\/b&gt; The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intranasal challenge following ES with those following intranasal sensitization (NS) on nasal allergic inflammation. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;\/b&gt; Female BALB\/c mice were sensitized epicutaneously or intranasally with 25 \u03bcg of ovalbumin (OVA) and 2 \u03bcg of cholera toxin (CT) six times at weekly intervals. These groups were compared with control groups that received ES with phosphate- buffered saline (PBS) alone, OVA alone, or CT alone. Two weeks after the final sensitization, the mice were challenged intranasally with 500 \u03bcg of OVA ten times over a two-week period. Four weeks after the final sensitization, allergic inflammation in the nasal cavity, OVA-specific IgE production, and cytokine profiles were evaluated in the different groups. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;\/b&gt; Post-challenge, there was no significant difference in the number of eosinophils or the thickness of lateral nasal mucosa between the ES and NS groups. However, the serum level of OVA-specific IgE in the ES group was significantly higher than that in the control and NS groups. Levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 in CD4+ T cells were also significantly higher in the ES group than in the NS group.  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/b&gt; These results indicate that intranasal challenge following ES induces comparable eosinophilic inflammation in the nasal cavity, but elicits a stronger systemic Th2-type inflammatory response than that following NS.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0055.5830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T11:08:38Z","timestamp":1771585718000},"page":"24-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epicutaneous sensitization in BALB\/c mice induces stronger systemic Th2 inflammation than intranasal sensitization despite comparable nasal eosinophilia"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9080-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Nagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7415-6759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kyutoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2562-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayato","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8754-1252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9861-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"635746r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lack G.: Epidemiologic risks for food allergy. 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