{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:34:49Z","timestamp":1791556489271,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pol Przegl Chir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"abstract":"<ns3:p>Patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) require long-term parenteral administration of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water. CIF is associated with a high risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia, resulting from factors such as malabsorption, chronic inflammation, and sometimes, some case, delayed initiation of parenteral nutrition. The main goal of nutritional therapy in patients with CIF is to maintain adequate nutritional and hydration status, prevent complications arising from nutrient deficiencies, optimize quality of life, minimize the risk of complications related to parenteral nutrition (especially in patients after intestinal resections, e.g., short bowel syndrome), and aim to achieve partial or complete independence from parenteral nutrition, if the intestine retains adaptive potential. This study aims to systematise the current scientific knowledge on nutritional management in CIF patients and to determine the impact of nutritional therapy on intestinal adaptation. One of the significant challenges for the therapeutic team treating CIF patients is the assessment of gastrointestinal function. There is a lack of high-quality data from randomised clinical trials and carefully conducted clinical observations on therapeutic decision-making regarding the introduction of enteral nutrition in CIF patients.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0055.5864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:56:52Z","timestamp":1770973012000},"page":"55-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Nutrition in Patients with Chronic Intestinal Failure"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4483-4974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Goral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, Clinical Nutrition Center, University Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5014-9207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Matras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, Clinical Nutrition Center, University Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Lublin, Poland, Clinical Department of General Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"635788r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pironi L., Cuerda C., Jeppesen P.B. et al.: ESPEN guideline on chronic intestinalfailure in adults \u2013 Update 2023. Clin Nutr., 2023; 42(10): 1940\u20132021. doi:10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.07.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.07.019"},{"key":"635788r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orphanet. https:\/\/www.orpha.net\/ (19.03.2024).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-024-03337-0"},{"key":"635788r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandt C.F., Hvistendahl M., Naimi R.M. et al.: Home Parenteral Nutrition inAdult Patients With Chronic Intestinal Failure: The Evolution Over 4 Decadesin a Tertiary Referral Center. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr., 2017; 41(7):1178\u20131187. doi: 10.1177\/0148607116655449.","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116655449"},{"key":"635788r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folwarski M., K\u0142\u0119k S., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. et al.: Trend Observations inHome Parenteral Nutrition. Prevalence, Hospitalizations and Costs: Resultsfrom a Nationwide Analysis of Health Care Provider Data. Nutrients., 2021;13(10): 3465. doi: 10.3390\/nu13103465.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103465"},{"key":"635788r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mundi M.S., Mercer D.F., Iyer K. et al.: Characteristics of chronic intestinalfailure in the USA based on analysis of claims data. JPEN J Parenter EnteralNutr. 2022; 46(7):1614-1622. doi: 10.1002\/jpen.2426.","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2426"},{"key":"635788r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pironi L., Konrad D., Brandt C. et al.: Clinical classification of adult patientswith chronic intestinal failure due to benign disease: An international multicentercross-sectional survey. Clin Nutr., 2018; 37(2): 728\u2013738. doi: 10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.04.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.04.013"},{"key":"635788r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobocki J., Jackowski M., Dziki A. et al.: Clinical guidelines for the managementof gastrointestinal fistula \u2013 developed by experts of the Polish SurgicalSociety. Pol Przegl Chir., 2021; 93(4): 57\u201369.","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0015.0499"},{"key":"635788r8","unstructured":"Szczeklik A., Gajewski P.: Interna Szczeklika 2022, Wydawnictwo MedycynaPraktyczna, Krak\u00f3w 2022."},{"key":"635788r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sukhotnik I., Levi R., Moran-Lev H.: Impact of Dietary Protein on the Managementof Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients., 2023; 15(13): 2826.doi: 10.3390\/nu15132826.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132826"},{"key":"635788r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pironi L., Arends J., Baxter J. et al.: ESPEN endorsed recommendations. Definitionand classification of intestinal failure in adults. Clin Nutr., 2015; 34(2):171\u2013180. doi: 10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.08.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.08.017"},{"key":"635788r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cederholm T., Barazzoni R., Austin P. et al.: ESPEN guidelines on definitionsand terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr., 2017; 36(1): 49\u201364. doi:10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.004"},{"key":"635788r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuerda C., Pironi L., Arends J. et al.: ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutritionin chronic intestinal failure. Clin Nutr., 2021; 40(9): 5196\u20135220. doi:10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.07.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.07.002"},{"key":"635788r13","unstructured":"Polskie Towarzystwo \u017bywienia Pozajelitowego, Dojelitowego i Metabolizmu:Standardy \u017cywienia dojelitowego i pozajelitowego, Wydawnictwo Scientifica,Krak\u00f3w 2019."},{"key":"635788r14","unstructured":"Polskie Towarzystwo \u017bywienia Pozajelitowego, Dojelitowego i Metabolizmu:Standardy \u017cywienia dojelitowego i pozajelitowego \u2013 Aneks, WydawnictwoScientifica, Krak\u00f3w 2019, 2020."},{"key":"635788r15","unstructured":"Osowska S., Bukracka M.: Preparaty stosowane w \u017cywieniu pozajelitowym.In.: \u017bywienie dojelitowe i pozajelitowe. Eds.: K. Majewska, L. Bartoszewska,P. Matras. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2023."},{"key":"635788r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iacone R., Scanzano C., Santarpia L. et al.: Macronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition:Amino Acids. Nutrients., 2020; 12(3): 772. doi: 10.3390\/nu12030772.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030772"},{"key":"635788r17","unstructured":"Sobotka L., Allison S.P., Stanga Z., Lobo D.N.: Water and electrolytes duringnutritional support. In: Basics in Clinical Nutrition, Espen Blue Book. 5th ed.,eds.: L. Sobotka. Galen, Prague, 286\u2013291."},{"key":"635788r18","unstructured":"Bartoszewska L.: Dokumentacja medyczna w domowym leczeniu. In.: \u017bywieniedojelitowe i pozajelitowe. Eds.: K. Majewska, L. Bartoszewska, P. Matras.Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2023."},{"key":"635788r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ukleja A.: Weaning from Parenteral Nutrition. Gastroenterol Clin North Am.,2019; 48(4): 525\u2013550. doi: 10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.007"},{"key":"635788r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudo H., Wada M.: Pediatric intestinal rehabilitation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant.,2023; 28(3): 237\u2013241. doi: 10.1097\/MOT.0000000000001062.","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000001062"},{"key":"635788r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phelps H.M., Warner B.W. Intestinal adaptation and rehabilitation. SeminPediatr Surg., 2023; 32(3): 151314. doi: 10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2023.151314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2023.151314"},{"key":"635788r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez A.A., Nava Hurtado de Saracho F.B., S\u00e1nchez-Gal\u00e1n A.M., Gonz\u00e1lezSacrist\u00e1n R.: Intestinal failure in adults and children. Rev Esp Enferm Dig.,2020; 112(7): 559\u2013564. doi: 10.17235\/reed.2020.6981\/2020.","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2020.6981\/2020"},{"key":"635788r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin D.C., Levin M.S.: Mechanisms of intestinal adaptation. Best Pract ResClin Gastroenterol., 2016; 30(2): 237\u2013248. doi: 10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.03.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.03.007"},{"key":"635788r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warner B.W.: The Pathogenesis of Resection-Associated Intestinal Adaptation. CellMol Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2016; 2(4): 429\u2013438. doi: 10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2016.05.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2016.05.001"},{"key":"635788r25","unstructured":"Sun H.F., Zhou Q.B., Wang W.X. et al.: Progress in intestinal adaptation afterenterectomy. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi., 2022; 25(12): 1132\u20131137.Chinese. doi: 10.3760\/cma.j.cn441530-20220510-00208."},{"key":"635788r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tecos M.E., Steinberger A.E., Guo J., Warner B.W.: Distal Small Bowel ResectionYields Enhanced Intestinal and Colonic Adaptation. J Surg Res., 2022; 273:100\u2013109. doi: 10.1016\/j.jss.2021.11.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.11.015"},{"key":"635788r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avitzur Y., Courtney-Martin G.: Enteral approaches in malabsorption. Best PractRes Clin Gastroenterol., 2016; 30(2): 295\u2013307. doi: 10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.03.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.03.009"},{"key":"635788r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts K., Shah N.D., Parrish C.R., Wall E.: Navigating nutrition and hydrationcare in the adult patient with short bowel syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract.,2023; 38 Suppl 1: S59\u2013S75. doi: 10.1002\/ncp.10951.","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10951"},{"key":"635788r29","unstructured":"Parish C.R.: The Clinician\u2019s Toolkit for the Adult Short Bowel Patient Part I:Nutrition and Hydration Therapy. Practical Gastroenterol., 2022; 46(6): 32\u201353."},{"key":"635788r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ubesie A.C., Kocoshis S.A., Mezoff A.G. et al.: Multiple micronutrient deficienciesamong patients with intestinal failure during and after transition to enteralnutrition. J Pediatr., 2013; 163(6): 1692\u20131696. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.015"},{"key":"635788r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler M., Millar E.C., Deans K.A., Torreggiani M., Moroni F.: Dietary Managementof Chronic Kidney Disease and Secondary Hyperoxaluria in Patientswith Short Bowel Syndrome and Type 3 Intestinal Failure. Nutrients., 2022;14(8): 1646. doi: 10.3390\/nu14081646.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081646"},{"key":"635788r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matarese L.E.: Nutrition and fluid optimization for patients with short bowelsyndrome. J Parenter Enter Nutr., 2013; 37(2): 161e70.","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607112469818"},{"key":"635788r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaud L., Coopman S., Guimber D. et al.: Percutaneous gastrojejunostomyin children: efficacy and safety. Arch Dis Child., 2012; 97(8): 733e4.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300653"},{"key":"635788r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sricharan R., Chawla A.S., Kumar S., Sandhya P.: Reinfusion Enteroclysis CanSuccessfully Replace Parenteral Feeding in Patients with High-Output EnteralFistula or Ostomy Awaiting Definitive Surgery. Indian J Surg., 2020; 82(5):848\u2013854. doi: 10.1007\/s12262-020-02118-w.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-020-02118-w"},{"key":"635788r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Layec S., Seynhaeve E., Dussaulx L. et al.: Hydration by colonic enteroclysis:An alternative to parenteral hydration in patients with high-output doubleenterostomy. Nutr Clin Pract., 2022; 37(3): 625\u2013633. doi: 10.1002\/ncp.10769.","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10769"},{"key":"635788r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar N., Karn S., Goswami A.G. et al.: Distal infusion stomal enteroclysis:An effective technique to manage postoperative enterostomal output. J ViscSurg., 2025; 162(1): 13\u201318. doi: 10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2024.11.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2024.11.002"}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ppch.pl\/gicid\/pdf\/01.3001.0055.5864","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ppch.pl\/gicid\/pdf\/01.3001.0055.5864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:50:08Z","timestamp":1786369808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ppch.pl\/gicid\/01.3001.0055.5864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/01.3001.0055.5864","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-373X","2299-2847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-373X","type":"print"},{"value":"2299-2847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]}}}