{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T10:44:05Z","timestamp":1773830645322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<ns3:p>&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/b&gt; This study aimed to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment- -resistant cancers based on nano-brachytherapy, using gold nanoparticles as carriers for the Auger-electron\u2013emitting radionuclides &lt;sup&gt;197m&lt;\/sup&gt;Hg and &lt;sup&gt;197&lt;\/sup&gt;Hg. &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;\/b&gt; Five-nanometre PEGylated gold nanoparticles were functionalised with &lt;sup&gt;197m&lt;\/sup&gt;Hg\/&lt;sup&gt;197&lt;\/sup&gt;Hg via surface amalgamation and evaluated in vitro in triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and glioblastoma (T98G) cell lines. Cellular internalisation and subcellular distribution were assessed by uptake studies and fractionation. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTS assays, while therapeutic efficacy in three-dimensional models was investigated in tumour spheroids. Flow cytometry was employed to analyse apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution. DNA double-strand breaks were quantified by \u03b3-H2AX phosphorylation. Ex vivo biodistribution studies compared intratumoural and intravenous administration routes.&lt;\/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;\/b&gt; The radio-conjugate underwent straightforward synthesis, exhibited very high radio-labelling efficiency at low mercury loading, and maintained excellent colloidal stability. Efficient cellular uptake and pronounced nuclear accumulation were observed in both cell lines. In vitro studies demonstrated strong, time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity predominantly mediated by apoptosis, with minimal necrosis, accompanied by significant induction of DNA double-strand breaks. In three-dimensional cultures, MDA-MB-231 spheroids underwent rapid, dose-dependent disintegration, whereas T98G spheroids displayed increased resistance. Ex vivo biodistribution revealed high tumour retention following intratumoural administration, minimal systemic exposure and predominantly renal clearance.&lt;\/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/b&gt; &lt;sup&gt;197m&lt;\/sup&gt;Hg\/&lt;sup&gt;197&lt;\/sup&gt;Hg-functionalised gold nanoparticles represent a promising receptor-independent platform for localised nano-brachytherapy and warrant further preclinical evaluation in aggressive and therapy-resistant tumours.&lt;\/br&gt;<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0055.6432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:01:07Z","timestamp":1771509667000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gold Nanoparticles Functionalised with 197mHg\/197Hgfor Receptor-IndependentNanobrachytherapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1904-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Majka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland, Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0308-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Walczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7262-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"\u0141yczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6782-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Malinowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4859-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"\u0141yczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6778-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penelope","family":"Bouziotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, N.C.S.R. \u201cDemokritos\u201d, Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2091-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia-Alexandra","family":"Salvanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, N.C.S.R. \u201cDemokritos\u201d, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Adamantia","family":"Apostolopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, N.C.S.R. \u201cDemokritos\u201d, Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3623-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Wierzbicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2490-3303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Bilewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9449-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Majkowska-Pilip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"637207r1","unstructured":"Triple-negative Breast Cancer [Internet]. 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