{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T09:12:53Z","timestamp":1778836373172,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction:<\/strong> Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. <em>Aspergillus <\/em>and <em>Mucormycetes <\/em>have been reported as the principal fungal pathogens in patients with COVID-19. The main risk factors include uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and steroid use.<\/p><p><strong>Aim:<\/strong> The current study aims to analyze the diagnostic indicators, treatment protocols, and follow-up approach in patients with post-COVID mucormycosis.<\/p><p><strong>Material and methods: <\/strong>Patients who were admitted to Medicover Hospitals with acute sinusitis symptoms were included in the study. Data was collected using a structured proforma which included demographic details, past medical history, days of presentation from COVID-19 diagnosis, and ocular, nasal, and oral symptoms. We recorded the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) findings and monitored blood parameters like total leukocyte count (TLC), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, glycated hemoglobin and creatinine. All patients were divided into stages and underwent relevant surgical procedures along with antifungal therapy. A follow-up was performed to assess for residual or recurrent disease and survival at 1 year post-admission.<\/p><p><strong>Results: <\/strong>A total of 23 patients were included: 17 male and 6 female. As many as 69.5% were diabetic and 91.3% received steroids during COVID-19 treatment. The majority presented within 4 weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis. The CT and MRI findings guided management. In all 23 patients, mucormycosis was confirmed based on biopsy reports, but 4 had overlapping <em>Aspergillus <\/em>infection. All patients were started on amphotericin B and followed up for disease-free status and survival up to 1 year. We also monitored CRP levels to determine the disease-free status.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions:<\/strong> Immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19, together with unmonitored steroid use, was a major contributor to the increase in mucormycosis cases. We now know that successful treatment of mucormycosis requires early diagnosis, reversal of underlying predisposing risk factors, surgical debridement, and prolonged antifungal therapy.<\/p><\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0055.6613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:53:04Z","timestamp":1776941584000},"page":"14-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management of COVID associated invasive fungal sinusitis"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3147-2759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dr. Sampurna","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicover Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5533-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dr. Neha","family":"Padia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Sri Holistic Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"637453r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim A.S., Spellberg B., Walsh T.J., Kontoyiannis D.P.: (2012). Pathogenesisof mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis., 2012; 54 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S16\u2013S22. doi:10.1093\/cid\/cir865.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir865"},{"key":"637453r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A.K., Singh R., Joshi S.R., Misra A.: Mucormycosis in COVID-19:A systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India. Diabetes MetabSyndr. 2021; 15(4): 102146. doi: 10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019"},{"key":"637453r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suganya R., Narasimhan M. Karthikeyan V., Janagaraj V.D.: Mucormycosis:A Brief Review. J Pure Appl Microbiol., 2019; 13(1): 161\u2013165. doi: 10.22207\/JPAM.13.1.16.","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.13.1.16"},{"key":"637453r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nallapu V., Vuppalapati H.B., Sambhana S., Balasankulu B.: Rhinocerebralmucormycosis: A report of two cases. 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