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Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the regulation of immune pathways in AR; however, their role in pediatric populations remains insufficiently understood.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;\/strong&gt; The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate serum expression of miRNA-100, miRNA-155, and miRNA-224 in children with AR and to assess their associations with immunological and clinical parameters.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;\/strong&gt;A total of 21 children were included (12 with AR and 9 non-atopic controls). Serum levels of selected miRNAs, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13), eosinophil counts, and total IgE were analyzed.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;\/strong&gt;MiRNA-100 expression was higher in the AR group compared with controls; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.051). No significant differences were observed for miRNA-155 or miRNA-224. In unadjusted analyses, correlations between miRNA-100 and eosinophil parameters were not statistically significant. In partial correlation analysis adjusted for age and sex, a moderate association between miRNA-100 and absolute eosinophil count was observed (rho = 0.498; p = 0.042). Among cytokines, only IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the AR group, while a substantial proportion of measurements for other cytokines were below the detection limit, limiting interpretability.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;\/strong&gt;Given the small sample size and lack of statistical significance in primary comparisons, these findings should be considered preliminary and hypothesis- generating. The observed association between miRNA-100 and eosinophilia may warrant further investigation in larger, well-characterized cohorts.&lt;\/p&gt;<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0055.7705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:09:07Z","timestamp":1785823747000},"page":"23-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory analysis of circulating miRNA-100 and its association with eosinophilia in pediatric allergic rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Aldona","family":"Z\u0105ber-Kucharska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Go\u0142uchowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Walczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"B\u0119dziechowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Brodaczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Majewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boles\u0142aw","family":"Kalicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland,  Faculty of Medicine, University of Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland,  Faculty of Medicine, University of Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"638956r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim Y., Seo J.H., Kwon J.W. et al.: The prevalence and risk factors of allergicrhinitis from a nationwide study of Korean elementary, middle, and highschool students. 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