{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:05:55Z","timestamp":1789387555795,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"abstract":"<ns3:p>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/strong&gt; Pollen monitoring plays an important role in modern allergy care.&lt;br \/&gt;Quantitatively determining airborne pollen concentrations serves as a clinically relevant&lt;br \/&gt;tool for diagnosis, treatment, disease monitoring, and prevention.&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;\/strong&gt; The study provides an overview of current clinical applications of pollen monitoring&lt;br \/&gt;in allergology and otolaryngology, and its integration with new technologies&lt;br \/&gt;that support precision medicine.&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;\/strong&gt; A narrative review of the current scientific literature was conducted, critically&lt;br \/&gt;analysing publications that connect pollen monitoring, molecular aerobiology,&lt;br \/&gt;climate change, and digital medical technologies in relation to their clinical applications&lt;br \/&gt;in allergology and otolaryngology.&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;\/strong&gt; Conventional aerobiological monitoring with Hirst-type volumetric samplers&lt;br \/&gt;remains the established method for quantifying airborne pollen. It provides&lt;br \/&gt;data on the duration, intensity, and regional variation of exposure to allergenic pollen&lt;br \/&gt;from sensitising plants. Such information supports the interpretation of clinical&lt;br \/&gt;symptoms, skin test results, and molecular diagnostics. It is essential in specific&lt;br \/&gt;allergen immunotherapy, assisting with allergen selection, optimising treatment&lt;br \/&gt;courses and evaluating outcomes. These data form the basis for allergen avoidance&lt;br \/&gt;strategies, which are fundamental to prevention. Pollen monitoring also contributes&lt;br \/&gt;to otolaryngology, informing the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases&lt;br \/&gt;of the upper respiratory tract. Integrating pollen monitoring with electronic symptom&lt;br \/&gt;diaries, mobile health applications, and portable measuring devices supports&lt;br \/&gt;personalised assessment of allergen exposure and advances precision medicine. Automated&lt;br \/&gt;monitoring systems and artificial intelligence facilitate near real-time transmission&lt;br \/&gt;of information. Developments in molecular aerobiology have improved the&lt;br \/&gt;understanding of the relationship between environmental exposure and respiratory&lt;br \/&gt;symptoms. Long-term pollen monitoring provides insight into the biological impacts&lt;br \/&gt;of climate change, including changes in the timing, duration, and intensity of pollen&lt;br \/&gt;seasons, as well as the spread of invasive allergenic species.&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/strong&gt; Pollen monitoring is a clinically significant component of personalised&lt;br \/&gt;management of allergic respiratory diseases. Integration with advanced technologies&lt;br \/&gt;is expected to improve diagnostic accuracy, optimise allergen immunotherapy,&lt;br \/&gt;strengthen preventive strategies, and support the ongoing development of precision&lt;br \/&gt;medicine.&lt;\/p&gt;<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0055.8490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:19:36Z","timestamp":1784618376000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of pollen monitoring in allergology and otolaryngology: from environmental exposure assessment to personalized patient care"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3037-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Lipiec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9832-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Rapiejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergen Research Center, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3729-2679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Jurkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology with Clinical Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"640096r1","unstructured":"Bousquet J., Schunemann H.J., Fonseca J. et al.: MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworKfor allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): The new generation guideline implementation.Allergy., 2015; 70(11): 1372\u20131392."},{"key":"640096r2","unstructured":"\u015apiewak R.: Aeropalinologia w s\u0142u\u017cbie polskiej alergologii. 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