{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:16:16Z","timestamp":1780064176414,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Polish Society of Microbiologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus anginosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus intermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus constellatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    form a group of related streptococcal species, namely the Streptococcus Anginosus Group (SAG). The group, previously called \u201cmilleri\u201d had been rarely described until 1980\/1990 as source of infections. Nowadays SAG bacteria are often described as pathogens causing predominantly purulent infections. The number of infections is highly underestimated, as SAG strains are often classified in the microbiology laboratory as less virulent \u201cviridans streptococci\u201d. Epidemiological situation regarding SAG infections in Poland has been unrecognized, therefore we performed a retrospective analysis of strains isolated between 1996 and 2012. Strains suspected of belonging to SAG were re-identified using an automated biochemical approach (Vitek2) and MALDI-TOF MS. We performed first analysis of antibiotic resistance among SAG strains isolated in Poland using automated methods (Vitek2), disk diffusion tests and E-Tests. We also performed PCR detection of resistance determinants in antibiotic resistant strains. Clonal structure of analyzed strains was evaluated with PFGE and MLVF methods. All three species are difficult to distinguish using automated diagnostic methods and the same is true for automated MIC evaluation. Our analysis revealed SAG strains are rarely isolated in Poland, predominantly from purulent infections. All isolates are very diverse on the genomic level as estimated by PFGE and MLVF analyses. All analyzed strains are sensitive to penicillin, a substantial group of strains is resistant to macrolides and the majority of strains are resistant to tetracycline.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/17331331.1197323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T09:34:47Z","timestamp":1458034487000},"page":"33-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Streptococcus anginosus<\/i>\n                    (\n                    <i>milleri<\/i>\n                    ) Group Strains Isolated in Poland (1996\u20132012) and their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns"],"prefix":"10.33073","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"KATARZYNA","family":"OBSZA\u0143SKA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IZABELLA","family":"KERN-ZDANOWICZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALEKSANDRA","family":"KOZI\u0143SKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KATARZYNA","family":"MACHURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EL\u017bBIETA","family":"STEFANIUK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland"},{"name":"Centre of Quality Control in Microbiology (Polmicro) , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WALERIA","family":"HRYNIEWICZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland"},{"name":"Centre of Quality Control in Microbiology (Polmicro) , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IZABELA","family":"SITKIEWICZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"18083","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052913522252766_j_17331331.1197323_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aminov R.I., N. Garrigues-Jeanjean and R.I. Mackie. 2001. Molecular ecology of tetracycline resistance: development and validation of primers for detection of tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 22\u201332.10.1128\/AEM.67.1.22-32.2001","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.1.22-32.2001"},{"key":"2026052913522252766_j_17331331.1197323_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arinto-Garcia R., M.D. Pinho, J. Carrico, J. Melo-Cristino and M. Ramirez. 2015. Comparing MALDI-TOF MS, phenotypic and molecular methods for the identification of species within the Streptococcus anginosus group. J. Clin. Microbiol. 53(11): 3580\u20133588.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01892-15"},{"key":"2026052913522252766_j_17331331.1197323_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asam D. and B. Spellerberg. 2014. Molecular pathogenicity of Streptococcus anginosus. Mol. 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