{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:48:59Z","timestamp":1785836939774,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Baycinar Tibbi Yayincilik","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agri"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS) is a condition caused by compression of the brachial plexus in the thoracic outlet, often leading to pain and paresthesia. In this article, we report a 34-year-old female patient with chronic nTOS symptoms refractory to prior management. Ultrasound-guided diagnostic blocks of the anterior scalene and pectoralis minor muscles provided significant temporary relief. Subsequent ultrasoundguided onabotulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections into the scalene muscles resulted in near-complete symptom resolution lasting approximately six months. Over an 18-month follow-up, repeated injections at six-month intervals produced consistent clinical improvement without adverse effects. In conclusion, repeated ultrasound-guided BTX-A injections may be a safe and effective option within a multimodal treatment approach for nTOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5606\/agri.2026.43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:41:02Z","timestamp":1785836462000},"page":"202-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Repeated botulinum toxin injections for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: A case report"],"prefix":"10.5606","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1068-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eren","family":"Aygun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Palamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6359-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak Ugur","family":"Cetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8202-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana","family":"Terlemez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0346-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenan","family":"Akgun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3570","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols AW. Diagnosis and management of thoracic outlet syndrome. Curr Sports Med Rep 2009;8:240-9. doi: 10.1249\/ JSR.0b013e3181b8556d.","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3181b8556d"},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li N, Dierks G, Vervaeke HE, Jumonville A, Kaye AD, Myrcik D, et al. Thoracic outlet syndrome: A narrative review. J Clin Med 2021;10:962. doi: 10.3390\/jcm10050962.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10050962"},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan SE, Machleder HI. Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome using electrophysiologically guided anterior scalene blocks. Ann Vasc Surg 1998;12:260-4. doi: 10.1007\/s100169900150.","DOI":"10.1007\/s100169900150"},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brism\u00e9e JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: A controversial clinical condition. Part 2: Non-surgical and surgical management. J Man Manip Ther 2010;18:132-8. doi: 10.1179\/106698110X12640740712338.","DOI":"10.1179\/106698110X12640740712338"},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christo PJ, Christo DK, Carinci AJ, Freischlag JA. Single CT-guided chemodenervation of the anterior scalene muscle with botulinum toxin for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Pain Med 2010;11:504- 11. doi: 10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00814.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00814.x"},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodworth TT, Le A, Miller C, Conger A, Mahan MA, Cushman DM. Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: A systematic review. Muscle Nerve 2024;70:28-35. doi: 10.1002\/mus.28080.","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28080"},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan SE, Ahn SS, Gelabert HA. Combining ultrasonography and electromyography for botulinum chemodenervation treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: Comparison with fluoroscopy and electromyography guidance. Pain Physician 2007;10:541-6.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2007\/10\/541"},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murie-Fern\u00e1ndez M, Bahamonde C, Graffigna D, Hontanilla B. Botulinum toxin type A infiltration in spasticity and cervical dystonia. Muscle morphology: An overlooked factor. Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2024;39:523-9. doi: 10.1016\/j.nrleng.2021.09.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2021.09.012"}],"container-title":["A\u011fr\u0131 - The Journal of The Turkish Society of Algology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/agridergisi.com\/tam-metin-pdf\/989\/eng","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agridergisi.com\/tam-metin-pdf\/989\/eng","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:41:48Z","timestamp":1785836508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agridergisi.com\/doi\/10.5606\/agri.2026.43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/agri.2026.43","relation":{},"ISSN":["1300-0012","2458-9446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1300-0012","type":"print"},{"value":"2458-9446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]}}}