{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:21:00Z","timestamp":1783066860874,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Galenos Yayinevi","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turk J Phys Med Rehab"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of this study was to investigate the etiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with severe acquired brain injury and their effects on rehabilitation outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Patients and methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 67 pediatric patients (39 males, 28 females; mean age: 9.7\u00b14.8 years; range, 3 to 18 years) who were hospitalized due to severe acquired brain injury between March 2020 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified in five different groups according to the etiology: traumatic brain injury, anoxic brain injury (ABI), cerebrovascular accident, encephalitis, and brain tumors. The time of brain injury, etiology, length of stay in the intensive care unit, additional injuries, presence of operation, nutritional status, history of tracheotomy, duration of rehabilitation and complications were recorded. The factors affecting the difference between the Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC) scores of the patients before and after rehabilitation were evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The mean time since injury was 83.04\u00b157.29 days and the mean duration of rehabilitation was 55.37\u00b137.15 days. Statistically significant improvements were found in all the groups in the functional levels and FAC scores after rehabilitation. In the inter-group comparisons, the ABI group showed statistically less improvement than the other groups. The functional level of the patients before rehabilitation, etiology and the presence of fecal incontinence were statistically significant factors that affected the change in FAC scores (p=0.043, p=0.049, p=0.048, and p=0.035, respectively).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our study results show that rehabilitation yields in positive outcomes even in patients with severely acquired brain injury in the pediatric age group.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2024.14479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T01:36:02Z","timestamp":1746754562000},"page":"74-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of etiological and clinical characteristics on the rehabilitation process and functional gains in pediatric severe acquired brain injury"],"prefix":"10.4274","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2761-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berke","family":"Aras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2787-7887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canan","family":"\u00c7ulha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0269-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alp","family":"Varol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6134-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evren","family":"Ya\u015far","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2811","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teo JH, Chong SL, Chiang LW, Ng ZM. Cost of inpatient rehabilitation for children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Ann Acad Med Singap 2021;50:26- 32. doi: 10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.2020114.","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.2020114"},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forsyth R, Kirkham F. Predicting outcome after childhood brain injury. CMAJ 2012;184:1257-64. doi: 10.1503\/ cmaj.111045.","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.111045"},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon AL, di Maggio A. Rehabilitation for children after acquired brain injury: Current and emerging approaches. Pediatr Neurol 2012;46:339-44. doi: 10.1016\/j. pediatrneurol.2012.02.029.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.02.029"},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoester H, Bronner MB, Bos AP. Surviving pediatric intensive care: Physical outcome after 3 months. Intensive Care Med 2008;34:1076-82. doi: 10.1007\/s00134-008-1061-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1061-4"},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirschen MP, Snyder M, Smith K, Lourie K, Agarwal K, DiDonato P, et al. Inter-rater reliability between critical care nurses performing a pediatric modification to the Glasgow coma scale. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019;20:660-6. doi: 10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001938.","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001938"},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicero MX, Cross KP. Predictive value of initial Glasgow coma scale score in pediatric trauma patients. Pediatr Emerg Care 2013;29:43-8. doi: 10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31827b52bf.","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31827b52bf"},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flanagan SR. Invited commentary on \"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Report to Congress: Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Epidemiology and rehabilitation\". Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015;96:1753-5. doi: 10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.07.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.07.001"},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forsyth RJ, Roberts L, Henderson R, Wales L. Rehabilitation after paediatric acquired brain injury: Longitudinal change in content and effect on recovery. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022;64:1168-75. doi: 10.1111\/dmcn.15199.","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15199"},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kochanek PM, Carney N, Adelson PD, et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012;13:252.","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31824e4ede"},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holden MK, Gill KM, Magliozzi MR, Nathan J, Piehl-Baker L. Clinical gait assessment in the neurologically impaired. Reliability and meaningfulness. Phys Ther 1984;64:35-40. doi: 10.1093\/ptj\/64.1.35.","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.1.35"},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozzi M, Galbiati S, Locatelli F, Carnovale C, Gentili M, Radice S, et al. Severe acquired brain injury aetiologies, early clinical factors, and rehabilitation outcomes: A retrospective study on pediatric patients in rehabilitation. Brain Inj 2019;33:1522-8. doi: 10.1080\/02699052.2019.1658128.","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2019.1658128"},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fink EL, Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Beca J, Bell MJ, Clark RS, et al. International survey of critically ill children with acute neurologic insults: The prevalence of acute critical neurological disease in children: A global epidemiological assessment study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017;18:330-42. doi: 10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001093.","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001093"},{"key":"ref-13","unstructured":"Gazzellini S, Strazzer S, Stortini M, Veredice C, Beretta E, Lispi ML, et al. Pediatric rehabilitation of severe acquired brain injury: A multicenter survey. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2012;48:423-31."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Overman JJ, Carmichael ST. Plasticity in the injured brain: More than molecules matter. Neuroscientist 2014;20:15-28. doi: 10.1177\/1073858413491146.","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413491146"},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heindl UT, Laub MC. Outcome of persistent vegetative state following hypoxic or traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents. Neuropediatrics 1996;27:94-100. doi: 10.1055\/s2007-973756.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973756"},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaklai S, Peretz R, Spasser R, Simantov M, Groswasser Z. Long-term functional outcome after moderate-to-severe paediatric traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2014;28:915-21. doi: 10.3109\/02699052.2013.862739.","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.862739"},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly G, Mobbs S, Pritkin JN, Mayston M, Mather M, Rosenbaum P, et al. Gross Motor Function Measure-66 trajectories in children recovering after severe acquired brain injury. Dev Med Child Neurol 2015;57:241-7. doi: 10.1111\/dmcn.12592.","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12592"},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumas HM, Haley SM, Ludlow LH, Carey TM. Recovery of ambulation during inpatient rehabilitation: Physical therapist prognosis for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury. Phys Ther 2004;84:232-42.","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/84.3.232"}],"container-title":["Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ftrdergisi.com\/uploads\/pdf\/pdf_4555.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ftrdergisi.com\/uploads\/pdf\/pdf_4555.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:08:27Z","timestamp":1783066107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ftrdergisi.com\/uploads\/pdf\/pdf_4555.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/tftrd.2024.14479","relation":{},"ISSN":["2587-1250"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2587-1250","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]}}}