{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:21:57Z","timestamp":1791332517890,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Galenos Yayinevi","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turk J Phys Med Rehab"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of robot-assisted arm training and recreational activities in addition to a conventional rehabilitation program on upper extremity functions.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Patients and methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The three-arm, randomized controlled study was conducted between July 2017 and March 2019. Forty-five patients (25 males, 20 females; mean age: 65.7\u00b18.3 years; range, 40 to 75 years) were randomized into three groups. The first group underwent a conventional rehabilitation program. The second group underwent a conventional rehabilitation program + robot-assisted arm training. The third group underwent conventional rehabilitation + robot-assisted arm training + recreational activities. Before and after the rehabilitation program, handgrip strength, pinch strength, nine-hole peg test, Frenchay arm test, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), rapid alternating movements, fine finger movements, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, and Fatigue Severity Scale were investigated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In the first and second group, success was achieved in UPDRS mentation, behavior and mood, activities of daily living, motor examination subscales, PDQ-39 total score, emotional well-being, and activities of daily living subscales. Handgrip strength and nine-hole peg test performance also improved significantly. Tip pinch strength, fine finger movements test, and Frenchay arm test showed greater improvement in the third group.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Activities of daily living, upper extremity motor function, muscle strength, mental and emotional well-being improved in patients with Parkinson disease treated with robot-assisted arm in addition to conventional rehabilitation. Hand fine motor skills were improved in patients who attended to recreational activities in addition to conventional rehabilitation and robot-assisted arm training.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2025.13425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:31:38Z","timestamp":1764689498000},"page":"465-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effects of robot-assisted arm training on upper limb functions in Parkinson disease"],"prefix":"10.4274","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"Nur Demirg\u00f6z Demir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5300-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Dilek Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ufuk","family":"Erg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2401-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eahika","family":"Burcu Karaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5313-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nursel","family":"Doganyigit Kuzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1051-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2811","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","unstructured":"Yal\u0131man A, \u015een E\u0130. 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