{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:21:06Z","timestamp":1783066866389,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Galenos Yayinevi","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turk J Phys Med Rehab"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mild-moderate intensity continuous training (CT) and low-intensity interval moderate-intensity training (LIIT) aerobic exercises in pulmonary rehabilitation after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Patients and methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This prospective study was conducted between January 2021 and January 2022. Sixty-three patients (47 males, 16 females; mean age: 54.3\u00b111.3 years; range, 25 to 81 years) with one or more residual symptoms following COVID-19 infections were randomly included in the CT (n=33) or LIIT (n=30) groups. Fifteen sessions (60 min, 3-5\/week) of aerobic exercise (20-min 40% of peak workload for CT; 40% peak workload with 3-min loaded and 1-min nonloaded intervals for LIIT, with 5 min warm-up and cool-down), breathing, and upper extremity strengthening exercises were applied. Outcome measures were symptom-limited submaximal exercise test, and six-minute walk test (6MWT), the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, modified Borg dyspnea scale, and Borg 6-20 rate of perceived exertion scale, hand grip strength, fat-free mass, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The maximum load and time reached during the exercise test, the 6MWT distance, hand grip strength, mMRC, HADS, and SF-36 scores significantly improved in both groups (p&lt;0.05). Resting modified Borg dyspnea scores, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, and oxygen supplementation requirement decreased significantly in the LIIT group (p&lt;0.05). All posttreatment measures were similar in both groups (p&gt;0.05). The changes in mMRC, resting heart rate, and 6MWT distance were significantly higher in the LIIT group compared to the CT group (p&lt;0.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Both CT and LIIT improved functional capacity, dyspnea, tachycardia, depression, and quality of life measures safely and effectively in COVID-19 survivors with residual symptoms. Patients with poor clinical status who cannot tolerate CT after an acute pulmonary condition such as COVID-19 may benefit from LIIT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2025.14301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T06:35:36Z","timestamp":1757918136000},"page":"385-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Continuous versus low-intensity interval aerobic exercise in pulmonary rehabilitation after COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.4274","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4042-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebru","family":"Alemdaro\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2276-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Refiye","family":"\u00d6nal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0928-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilek","family":"Dizdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7986-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba","family":"G\u00fcler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4877-5871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Umay Alta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9739-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nil\u00fcfer","family":"Kutay Ordu G\u00f6kkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2811","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P. 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