{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T14:49:52Z","timestamp":1782226192609,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Galenos Yayinevi","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turk Gogus Kalp Dama"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    This study aims to investigate the challenges that female thoracic surgeons in T\u00fcrkiye faced to due to gender bias in their professional lives.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Between January 2024 and April 2024, a total of 73 female thoracic surgeons (mean age: 37.1\u00b17.4 years; range, 25 to 53 years) who were working in T\u00fcrkiye and completed a 44-question survey were included. The online questionnaire was sent by email. It was also shared and disseminated in communication groups (WhatsApp).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Of the 73 participants, 45.2% thought that their academic progress was made more difficult due to being women, 49.3% thought that female surgeons were less likely to have influence in their department, and this perception was more prevalent among specialists than among residents (p=0.029). A total of 64.4% of the participants reported being subjected to mobbing in their professional life due to being women. In addition, 56.2% participants thought that they were taken less seriously by patients, as they were women, and this thought was particularly more prevalent among resident physicians (p=0.038). Totally 75.3% of the participants were subjected to verbal or physical violence by patients or their relatives, and 85% thought that the career of female surgeons would be more affected when they had children compared to male surgeons with children. Also, 42.5% of the participants postponed or would postpone pregnancy to a later time.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Our study highlights the urgent need for change by revealing the challenges faced by female thoracic surgeons in T\u00fcrkiye, including obstacles in training, professional advancement, and achieving a balance between work, children, and family life, all of which are exacerbated by gender bias.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5606\/tgkdc.dergisi.2025.27062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T08:38:52Z","timestamp":1749544732000},"page":"226-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of gender bias in thoracic surgery in T\u00fcrkiye: A descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.4274","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9434-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"Ke\u00e7eci \u00d6zg\u00fcr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8854-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"G\u00fcl Erg\u00f6n\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1513-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevser","family":"Durgun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4848-1566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamze","family":"Tanr\u0131kulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2811","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceppa DP, Dolejs SC, Boden N, Phelan S, Yost KJ, Edwards M et al. Gender bias and its negative impact on cardiothoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2020;109:14-7. doi: 10.1016\/j. athoracsur.2019.06.083.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.06.083"},{"key":"ref-2","unstructured":"Carnes M, Bartels CM, Kaatz A, Kolehmainen C. Why is John more likely to become department chair than Jennifer? Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2015;126:197-214."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devine PG. Stereotypes and prejudice: their automatic and controlled components. J Personality Social Psychol 1989;56:5-18.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.56.1.5"},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapman EN, Kaatz A, Carnes M. Physicians and implicit bias: How doctors may unwittingly perpetuate health care disparities. J Gen Intern Med 2013;28:1504-10. doi: 10.1007\/ s11606-013-2441-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2441-1"},{"key":"ref-5","unstructured":"Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators, Paris: OECD Publishing; 2021. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/ ae3016b9-en. [Accessed: 24.12.2024]"},{"key":"ref-6","unstructured":"American Association of Medical Colleges. Active Physicians by Sex and Specialty, 2017. Available at: https:\/\/ www.aamc.org\/data\/workforce\/reports\/492560\/1-3-chart. html. [Accessed: 24.12.2024]"},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonoff MB, David EA, Donington JS, Colson YL, Litle VR, Lawton JS et al. Women in thoracic surgery: 30 Years of history. Ann Thorac Surg 2016;101:399-409. doi: 10.1016\/j. athoracsur.2015.11.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.11.014"},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellini MI, Graham Y, Hayes C, Zakeri R, Parks R, Papalois V. A woman\u2019s place is in theatre: Women's perceptions and experiences of working in surgery from the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland women in surgery working group. BMJ Open 2019;9:e024349. doi: 10.1136\/ bmjopen-2018-024349.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024349"},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephens EH, Robich MP, Walters DM, DeNino WF, Aftab M, Tchantchaleishvili V, et al. Gender and cardiothoracic surgery training: Specialty interests, satisfaction, and career pathways. Ann Thorac Surg 2016;102:200-6. doi: 10.1016\/j. athoracsur.2016.03.043.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.03.043"},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesch BJ, Wood HM, Helwig AL, Nattinger AB. Promotion of women physicians in academic medicine. Glass ceiling or sticky floor? JAMA 1995;273:1022-5.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520370064038"},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceppa DP, Antonoff MB, Tong BC, Timsina L, Ikonomidis JS, Worrell SG, et al. 2020 Women in thoracic surgery update on the status of women in cardiothoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2022;113:918-25. doi: 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.03.091.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.03.091"},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pompili C, Veronesi G, Novoa NM, Gomez-Hernandez MT, Sharkey AJ, Bhatti F, et al. Women in thoracic surgery: European perspectives. J Thorac Dis 2021;13:439-47. doi: 10.21037\/jtd-2020-wts-09.","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2020-wts-09"},{"key":"ref-13","unstructured":"Turkish Society of Thoracic Surgery. Available at: https:\/\/ www.tgcd.org.tr\/dernek-uye-listesi\/ [Accessed: 24.12.2024]"},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceppa DP, Ikonomidis JS, Timsina LR, Boden N, Kane LC, Donington JS. STS 2019 workforce report: Ad hoc analysis of women in cardiothoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2021;111:383-5. doi: 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.07.071.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.07.071"},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pompili C, Opitz I, Backhus L, Leschber G, Veronesi G, Lauk O, et al. The impact of gender bias in cardiothoracic surgery in Europe: A European Society of Thoracic Surgeons and European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery survey. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022;61:1390-9. doi: 10.1093\/ejcts\/ ezac034.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezac034"},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Files JA, Mayer AP, Ko MG, Friedrich P, Jenkins M, Bryan MJ, et al. Speaker introductions at internal medicine grand rounds: Forms of address reveal gender bias. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017;26:413-9. doi: 10.1089\/jwh.2016.6044.","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.6044"},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almqvist AL, Duvander AZ. Changes in gender equality? Swedish fathers\u2019 parental leave, division of child care and housework. Journal of Family Studies 2014;20:19\u201327. doi: 10.5172\/jfs.2014.20.1.19.","DOI":"10.5172\/jfs.2014.20.1.19"},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eagly AH, Johannesen-Schmidt MC, van Engen ML. Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychol Bull 2003;129:569-91. doi: 10.1037\/0033-2909.129.4.569.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.4.569"},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosser VJ. Faculty and staff members perceptions of effective leadership: are there differences between men and women leaders? Equity & Excellence Education 2003;36:71-81.","DOI":"10.1080\/10665680303501"},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eagly AH, Karau SJ, Makhijani MG. Gender and the effectiveness of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 1995;117:125-45. doi: 10.1037\/0033-2909.117.1.125.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.117.1.125"},{"key":"ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eagly AH, Johnson BT. Gender and leadership style: a meta analysis. Psychol Bull 1990;108:233-56.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.108.2.233"},{"key":"ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaac C, Griffin L, Carnes M. A qualitative study of faculty members' views of women chairs. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2010;19:533-46. doi: 10.1089\/jwh.2009.1506.","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2009.1506"},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galeone A, Bernabei A, Cleuziou J, Menezes V, Park S, Kluin J, et al. Gender representation among speaking and leader roles at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024;65:ezad427. doi: 10.1093\/ejcts\/ezad427.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezad427"},{"key":"ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casadevall A, Handelsman J. The presence of female conveners correlates with a higher proportion of female speakers at scientific symposia. mBio 2014;5:e00846-13. doi: 10.1128\/mBio.00846-13.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00846-13"},{"key":"ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Centola D, Becker J, Brackbill D, Baronchelli A. Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention. Science 2018;360:1116-9. doi: 10.1126\/science.aas8827.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aas8827"}],"container-title":["Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tgkdc.dergisi.org\/uploads\/pdf\/pdf_TGKDC_3972.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tgkdc.dergisi.org\/uploads\/pdf\/pdf_TGKDC_3972.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:52:49Z","timestamp":1782222769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tjtcvs.org\/articles\/doi\/tgkdc.dergisi.2025.27062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/tgkdc.dergisi.2025.27062","relation":{},"ISSN":["1301-5680","2149-8156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1301-5680","type":"print"},{"value":"2149-8156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}}}