{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:24:29Z","timestamp":1792045469675,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Japan Oil Chemists' Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Oleo Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.5650\/jos.ess21160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T22:08:46Z","timestamp":1636409326000},"page":"1693-1706","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Palm Oil Processing and Controversies over Its Health Effect: Overview of Positive and Negative Consequences"],"prefix":"10.5650","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Markos Makiso","family":"Urugo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Post Harvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilahun A.","family":"Teka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Post Harvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulos Getachew","family":"Teshome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadele Tuba","family":"Tringo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Process Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Arbaminch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3621","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1)                       Absalome, M.A.; Massara, C.-C.; Alexandre, A.A.; Gervais, K.; Chantal, G.G.-A.           et al. Biochemical properties, nutritional values, health benefits and sustainability of palm oil.          Biochimie          178, 81-95 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2020.09.019"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2)                       Gesteiro, E.; Guijarro, L.; Sanchez-Muniz, F.J.; Vidal-Carou, C.M.; Troncoso, A.           et al. Palm oil on the edge: Review.          Nutrients          11, 2008 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092008"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3)                       Sheil, D.; Casson, A.; Meijaard, E.; van Nordwijk, M.: Gaskell, J.           et al. The impacts and opportunities of oil palm in Southeast Asia: What do we know and what do we need to know?          Occasional paper no. 51. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia (2009)."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4)                       Ismail, M.A.; Alsalahi, M.U.; Imam, D.J.; Ooi, H.; Khaza\u2019ai, M.A.           et al. Safety and neuroprotective efficacy of palm oil and tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil: A systematic review.          Nutrients          12, 521 (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020521"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5) Statista. Consumption of vegetable oils worldwide from 2017\/18 to 2019\/2020, by oil type (in million metric tons) (2021). Available at https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/263937\/vegetable-oils-global-consumption\/"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6)           Mohamed, F.R.          Fruit oils: Chemistry and functionality. Springer Nature, Switzerland (2019)."},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7) GAIN (Global Agriculture Information Network) and USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Foreign Agricultural Service. Ethiopia Oilseeds Report Annual (2020)."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8)                       Souganidis, E.; Laillou, A.; Leyvraz, M.; Moench-Pfanner, R.                    A comparison of retinyl palmitate and red palm oil \u03b2-carotene as strategies to address Vitamin A deficiency.          Nutrients          15, 3257-3271 (2013).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5083257"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9)                       Mba, O.I.; Dumont, M.J.; Ngadi, M.                    Palm oil: Processing, characterization and utilization in the food industry.          A review. Food Biosci.          10, 26-41 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2015.01.003"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10)                       Daud, Z.A.M.; Kaur, D.; Khosla, P.                    in Health and nutritional properties of palm oil and its components. A301 Ch18, pp. 545-560 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-9818936-9-3.50021-6"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11)                       Mancini, A.; Imperlini, E.; Nigro, E.; Montagnese, C.; Daniele, A.; Orr\u00fa, S.; Buono, P.                    Biological and nutritional properties of palm oil and palmitic acid: Effects on health.          Molecules          20, 17339-17361 (2015).","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200917339"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12)                       Oyewole, O.E.; Amosu, A.M.                    Public health nutrition concerns on consumption of red palm-oil (RPO) : The scientific facts from literature.          African Journal of Medical Science          39, 255-262 (2010)."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13)                       Ismail, S.R.; Maarof, S.K.; Siedar Ali, S.; Ali, A.                    Systematic review of palm oil consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease.          PLoS ONE          13, e0193533 (2018).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193533"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14)                       Y\u0131lmaz, B.; A\u011fag\u00fcnd\u00fcz, D.                    Fractionated palm oils: Emerging roles in the food industry and possible cardiovascular effects.          Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.          1869694 (2021).","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1869694"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15)                       Sowmya, K.; Robert, M.; Richard, S.                    The palm oil industry and non communicable diseases.          Bull. World Health Organ.          97, 118-128 (2019).","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.220434"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16) WHO (World Health Organization). Replace Trans-Fat. WHO\/NMH\/NHD\/18.4, (2018). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/topics\/replace-transfat"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17)                       Ali, S.; Misganaw, A.; Worku, A.; Destaw, Z.; Negash, L.           et al. The burden of cardiovascular diseases in Ethiopia from 1990 to 2017: Evidence from the global burden of disease study.          Int. Health          13, 318-326 (2020).","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa069"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18)                       Kifle, H.; Aweke, K.; Masresha, T.; Kirubel, T.; Tesfaye, H.                    Safety and nutritional quality of commonly consumed commercial edible oils in Addis Ababa.          Ethiopian Journal of Public Health Nnutrition          1 (2), 72-77 (2020)."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19)                       Teuku Meurah, I.M.; Norasyiqin, I.; Nazia, H.; Arridina, S.S.; Abd Halim, S.                    Palm oil and its wastes as bioenergy sources: a comprehensive review.          Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.          26, 14849-14866 (2019).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04563-x"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"20)                       Oguntibeju, O.O.; Akinola, F.F.; Adisa, A.W.; Owojuyigbe, O.S.                    Physico-chemical properties of palm oil from different palm oil local factories in Nigeria.          J. Food Agric. Environ.          8, 264-269 (2010)."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21)                       Obibuzor, J.U.; Okogbenin, E.A.; Abigor, R.D.                    Oil recovery from palm fruits and palm kernel. in Palm oil: Production, processing, characterization and uses (Lai, O.-M.; Tan, C.-P.; Akoh, C.C. eds.). AOCS Press, Urbana, Illinois, USA, pp. 299-328 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-9818936-9-3.50014-9"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22)                       Azam, A.; Prashad, K.K.; Onn, C.C.; Shaliza, I.                    A study of palm oil mill processing and environmental assessment of palm oil mill effluent treatment.          Environ. Eng. Res.          25, 212-221 (2020).","DOI":"10.4491\/eer.2018.452"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23)                       Aparicio, R.; Harwood, J.                    Handbook of olive oil: Analysis and properties. Springer, Boston, MA (2013).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7777-8"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24)                       Oey, S.B.; van der Fels-Klerx, H.J.; Fogliano, V.; van Leeuwen, S.P.J.                    Effective physical refining for the mitigation of processing contaminants in palm oil at pilot scale.          Food Res. Int.          138, 109748 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109748"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Risks for human health related to the presence of 3-and 2-monochloropropanediol (MCPD), and their fatty acid esters, and glycidyl fatty acid esters in food.          European Food Safety Authority Journal          14, 4426 (2016).","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2016.4426"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26)                       Cheng, W.; Liu, G.; Wang, L.; Liu, Z.                    Glycidyl fatty acid esters in refined edible oils: A review on formation, occurrence, analysis, and elimination methods. Compr.          Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf.          16, 263-281 (2017).","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12251"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27)                       Gao, B.; Li, Y.; Huang, G.; Yu, L.                    Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropanediol: A review.          Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol.          10, 259-284 (2019).","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-032818-121245"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28)                       Arisseto, A.P.; Silva, W.C.; Tivanello, R.G.; Sampaio, K.A.; Vicente, E.                    Recent advances in toxicity and analytical methods of monochloropropanediols and glycidyl fatty acid esters in foods.          Curr. Opin. Food Sci.          24, 36-42 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2018.10.014"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29)                       Cui, X.; Zhang, L.; Zhou, P.; Liu, Z.; Fan, S.           et al. Dietary exposure of general Chinese population to fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) from edible oils and oil-containing foods.          Food Addit. Contam. Part A          38, 60-69 (2021).","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2020.1834151"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30)                       Jiang, L.; Jing, Z.; Yibaina, W.; Yan, S.; Lili, X.           et al. Dietary exposure to fatty acid esters of monochloropropanediols and glycidol of 2- to 3-year-old children attending nursery schools from two areas in China using the duplicate-diet collection method.          Food Addit. Contam. Part A          38, 70-80 (2021).","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2020.1843718"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31)                       Matth\u00e4us, B.; Pudel, F.                    Mitigation of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters within the production chain of vegetable oils especially palm oil.          Lipid Tech.          25 (7), 151-155 (2013).","DOI":"10.1002\/lite.201300288"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32)                       \u0160midrkal, J.; Tesa\u0159ov\u00e1, M.; Hr\u00e1dkov\u00e1, I.; Ber\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1, M.; Adam\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1, A.; Filip, V.                    Mechanism of formation of 3-chloropropan-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters under conditions of the vegetable oil refining.          Food Chem.          211, 124-129, (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.05.039"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33)                       Ramli, M.R.; Siew, W.L.; Ibrahim, N.A.; Hussein, R.; Kuntom, A.           et al. Effects of degumming and bleaching on 3-MCPD esters formation during physical refining.          J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.          88, 1839-1844 (2011).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-011-1858-0"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34)                       Hew, K.S.; Asis, A.J.; Tan, T.B.; Yusoff, M.M.; Lai, O.M.           et al. Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3 monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil.          Food Chem.          307, 125545 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125545"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35)                       Theurillat, X.; Nicolas, M.; Redeuil, K.; Nagy, K.                    Synergistic effects during physical refining of palm oil to mitigate the formation of monochloropropanediols.          Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.          122, 2000071 (2020).","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.202000071"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36)                       Gibon, V.; De Greyt, W.; Kellens, M.                    Palm oil refining.          Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.          109, 315-335 (2007).","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200600307"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37)                       Ashaari, A.; Ahmad, T.; Awang, S.R.; Shukor, N.A.                    A graph-based dynamic modeling for palm oil refining process.          Processes          9, 523 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9030523"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38)                       Alan, F.D.; Naeli, M.H.; Naderi, M.; Jafari, S.M.; Tavakoli, H.R.                    Production of trans-free fats by chemical interesterified blends of palm stearin and sunflower oil.          Food Sci. Nutr.          7, 3722-3730 (2019).","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1231"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Foster, R.; Williamson, C.; Lunn, J. Briefing paper: Culinary oils and their health effects. Nutr. Bull. 34, 4-47 (2009).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-3010.2008.01738.x"},{"key":"40","unstructured":"40) WFP (World Food Program). Technical specification for fortified refined bleached deodorized palm olein (2020). https:\/\/docs.wfp.org\/api\/documents\/WFP-0000117612\/download accessed on 16 March, 2021"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41)                       Mukherjee, S.; Mitra, A.                    Health effects of palm oil.          J. Hum. Ecol.          26, 197-203 (2009).","DOI":"10.1080\/09709274.2009.11906182"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42)                       May, C.Y.; Nesaretnam, K.                    Research advancements in palm oil nutrition: Highlight article Eur.          J. Lipid Sci. Technol.          116,          1301-1315 (2014).","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201400076"},{"key":"43","unstructured":"43) Addis Fortune. Ethiopia: Government doubles exclusive palm oil importers to meet demand. Vol 20, No 1021 (2019). https:\/\/addisfortune.news\/govt-doubles-exclusive-palm-oil-importers-to-meet-demand accessed on 16 March, 2021"},{"key":"44","unstructured":"44) GAIN (Global Agriculture Information Network) and USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Foreign Agricultural Service. Ethiopia Oilseeds Report Annual, Report Number: ET2021-0006 (2021)."},{"key":"45","unstructured":"45) IndexMundi (2021). Ethiopian palm oil imports by year. Available at https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/agriculture\/?country=et&commodity=palm-oil&graph=imports, Accessed on 2021, 9 July."},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46)                       Agostoni, C.; Moreno, L.; Shamir, R.                    Palmitic acid and health: Introduction.          Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.          56, 1941-1942 (2016).","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1017435"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47)                       Carta, G.; Murru, E.; Banni, S.; Manca, C.                    Palmitic acid: Physiological role, metabolism and nutritional implications.          Front. Physiol.          8, 902 (2017).","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00902"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48)                       Aggarwal, V.; Kashyap, D.; Sak, K.; Tuli, H.; Jain, A.           et al. Molecular mechanisms of action of tocotrienols in cancer: Recent trends and advancements.          Int. J. Mol. Sci.          20, 656 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030656"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49)                       Tholstrup, T.; Hjerpsted, J.; Raff, M.                    Palm olein increases plasma cholesterol moderately compared with olive oil in healthy individuals.          Am. J. Epidemiol.          94, 1426-1432 (2011).","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018846"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50)                       Xian, T.K.; Omar, N.A.; Ying, L.W.; Hamzah, A.; Raj, S.           et al. Reheated palm oil consumption and risk of atherosclerosis: Evidence at ultrastructural level. Evid. Based Complement.          Alternat. Med.          2012, 1-6 (2012).","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/828170"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51)                       Fattore, E.; Bosetti, C.; Brighenti, F.; Agostoni, C.; Fattore, G.                    Palm oil and blood lipid related markers of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention trials.          Am. J. Clin. Nutr.          99, 1331-1350 (2014).","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.081190"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52)                       Go, R.-E.; Hwang, K.-A.; Kim, Y.-S.; Kim, S.-H.; Nam, K.-H.; Choi, K.-C.                    Effects of palm and sunflower oils on serum cholesterol and fatty liver in rats.          J. Med. Food          18, 363-369 (2015).","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.3163"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53)                       Lucci, P.; Borrero, M.; Ruiz, A.; Pacetti, D.; Frega, N.G.           et al. Palm oil and cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial of the effects of hybrid palm oil supplementation on human plasma lipid patterns.          Food Funct.          7, 347-354 (2016).","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO01083G"},{"key":"54","first-page":"572","volume":"27","year":"2018","unstructured":"54)                       Sun, G.; Xia, H.; Yang, Y.; Ma, S.; Zhou, H.           et al. Effects of palm olein and olive oil on serum lipids in a Chinese population: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial.          Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition          27, 572-580 (2018).","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0964-7058","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55)                       Baer David, J.; Henderson, T.; Gebauer Sarah, K.                    Consumption of high-oleic soybean oil improves lipid and lipoprotein profile in humans compared to palm oil blend: A randomized controlled trial.          Lipids          56, 313-325 (2021).","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12298"},{"key":"56","unstructured":"56)                       Gupta, S.V.; Ji, X.; Usman, A.; Razalli, N.H.; Sambanthamurthi, R.                    Oil palm phenolics (OPP) inhibit pancreatic cancer cell proliferation via suppression of NF-kB pathway.          Anticancer Res.          35, 97-106 (2015)."},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57)                       Loganathan, R.; Radhakrishnan, A.K.; Selvaduray, K.R.; Nesaretnam, K.                    Selective anti-cancer effects of palm phytonutrients on human breast cancer cells.          RSC Adv.          5, 1745-1753 (2015).","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA12343C"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58)                       Van Stuijvenberg, M.; Dhansay, M.; Lombard, C.; Faber, M.; Benad\u00e9, A.                    The effect of a biscuit with red palm oil as a source of \u03b2-carotene on the vitamin A status of primary school children: a comparison with \u03b2-carotene from a synthetic source in a randomized controlled trial.          Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.          55, 657-662 (2001).","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601196"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59)                       Loganathan, R.; Subramaniam, K.M.; Radhakrishnan, A.K.; Choo, Y.M.; Teng, K.T.                    Health-promoting effects of red palm oil: evidence from animal and human studies.          Nutr. Rev.          75, 98-113 (2017).","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw054"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60)                       Qaim, M.; Sibhatu, K.T.; Siregar, H.; Grass, I.                    Environmental, economic, and social consequences of the oil palm boom.          Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ.          12, 321-344. (2020).","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-resource-110119-024922"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61)                       Abrams, J.; Pischke, E.C.; Mesa-Jurado, M.A.; Eastmond, A.; Silva, C.A.; Moseley, C.                    Between environmental change and neoliberalism: The effects of oil palm production on livelihood resilience.          Soc. Nat. Resour.          32, 548-565 (2019).","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920.2018.1544678"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62)                       Andrianto, A.; Komarudin, H.; Pacheco, P.                    Expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia\u2019s frontier: Problems of externalities and the future of local and indigenous communities.          Land          8 (4), 56-72 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/land8040056"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63)           Hariyadi, P.          Food safety & nutrition issues: Challenges and opportunities for Indonesian palm oil.          IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science          418 (1), 012003 (2020).","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/418\/1\/012003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oleo Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jos\/70\/12\/70_ess21160\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T05:08:09Z","timestamp":1715144889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jos\/70\/12\/70_ess21160\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5650\/jos.ess21160","relation":{},"ISSN":["1345-8957","1347-3352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1345-8957","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-3352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"article-number":"ess21160"}}