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HLA and KIR genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers and\/or sequence-specific oligonucleotides.Results: HLA class I incompatibility between partners, especially in HLA-B alleles, was more common in the RPL group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;= 0.01). HLA-C2 homozygosity was more frequent in the male partners of RPL couples than in other groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;= 0.03). The &lt;i&gt;KIR2DL5&lt;\/i&gt; gene frequency was significantly higher in both the female and male partners of RPL couples, whereas the &lt;i&gt;KIR2DS3&lt;\/i&gt; gene frequency in male partners of RPL couples was significantly reduced (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;= 0.03). The presence of KIR2DL3 in women with RPL was correlated with the presence of HLA-C2 alleles in their spouses (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;= 0.03).Conclusion: Our data from a Turkish population suggest that male HLA-C2 homozygosity may play an important role in RPL. Additionally, an incidental match between male HLA-C2 and female HLA-C1 ligand KIR receptors might perturb the balance between activatory and inhibitory KIR-ligand interactions during pregnancy in couples affected by RPL. The roles of orphan &lt;i&gt;KIR2DL5&lt;\/i&gt; and orphan &lt;i&gt;KIR2DS3&lt;\/i&gt; in RPL remain obscure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2019.03223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T01:05:13Z","timestamp":1590455113000},"page":"122-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Maternal killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and paternal human leukocyte antigen ligands in recurrent pregnancy loss cases in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.5653","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9851-9796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mehmet 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