{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:34:05Z","timestamp":1790703245453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ecerm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Reprod Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Animal-free scaffolds have emerged as a potential foundation for consistent, chemically defined, and low-cost materials. Because of its good potential for high biocompatibility with reproductive tissues and well-characterized scaffold design, we investigated whether polyglycolic acid (PGA) could be used as an animal-free scaffold instead of natural fibrin-agarose, which has been used successfully for three-dimensional human endometrial cell culture.Methods: Isolated primary endometrial cells was cultured on fibrin-agarose and PGA polymers and evaluated various design parameters, such as scaffold porosity and mean fiber diameter. Cytotoxicity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunostaining experiments were conducted to examine cell activity on fabricated scaffolds.Results: The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and SEM results showed that endometrial cells grew and proliferated on both scaffolds. Immunostaining showed cytokeratin and vimentin expression in seeded cells after 7 days of culture. On both scaffolds, an epithelial arrangement of cultured cells was found on the top layer and stromal arrangement matrix on the bottom layer of the scaffolds. Therefore, fibrin-agarose and PGA scaffolds successfully mimicked the human endometrium in a way suitable for in vitro analysis.Conclusion: Both fibrin-agarose and PGA scaffolds could be used to simulate endometrial structures. However, because of environmental and ethical concerns and the low cost of synthetic polymers, we recommend using PGA as a synthetic polymer for scaffolding in research instead of natural biomaterials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2022.05302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T04:57:43Z","timestamp":1668056263000},"page":"259-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of polyglycolic acid as an animal-free biomaterial for three-dimensional culture of human endometrial cells"],"prefix":"10.5653","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Sadegh","family":"Amiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Bagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh Akbari","family":"Sene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Aflatoonian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mehdizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiman Broki","family":"Milan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Ghazizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Ashrafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FatemehSadat","family":"Amjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3624","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/7\/2\/025010"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2019.00038"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0074-7696(07)62002-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856201744489"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2020.1725927"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.199"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1199","volume-title":"An additive manufacturing-based 3D printed poly \u025b-caprolactone\/alginate sulfate\/extracellular matrix construct for nasal cartilage regeneration","author":"Zare","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology3020345"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24683"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2007.0435"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/biolog-2016-0056"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.887444"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34929"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118123"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130465"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20270"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00479.2004"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00596"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605x\/aa9ad2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00501"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-016-1485-9"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6nr00224b"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/8\/2\/025011"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.490"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2012.0347"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"3","volume-title":"","author":"Kraham","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Ethical challenges for livestock production: meeting consumer concerns about meat safety and animalwelfare","author":"Verbeke","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00178"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-011-5774-3"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12031876"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.08.061"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.10.041"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10070831"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35047"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.10.019"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.09.067"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2006.12.008"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/762095"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1647"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-12-0253"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gar064"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1858"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.1197"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1188","volume-title":"Plasma surface chemical treatment of electrospun poly(L-lactide) microfibrous scaffolds for enhanced cell adhesion, growth, and infiltration","author":"Cheng","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31544"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/290602"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ecerm.org\/upload\/pdf\/cerm-2022-05302.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ecerm.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5653\/cerm.2022.05302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ecerm.org\/upload\/pdf\/cerm-2022-05302.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T06:24:29Z","timestamp":1704349469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ecerm.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5653\/cerm.2022.05302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/cerm.2022.05302","relation":{},"ISSN":["2233-8233","2233-8241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2233-8233","type":"print"},{"value":"2233-8241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}