{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:14:46Z","timestamp":1788376486790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ecerm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Reprod Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a major problem for human health worldwide. The mechanisms of vitamin D in the male reproductive system are unknown. After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were developed, doubts were raised about their possible effects on male fertility. Based on vitamin D\u2019s function in the immune system, its potential role as an adjuvant for COVID-19 vaccines is intriguing. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of vitamin D first on sperm parameters and sex hormones, and then as an immune adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones after study participants had received their second doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: Phase 1 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) included 72 men with idiopathic infertility, and phase 2 had 64 participants who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Both groups were instructed to take 50,000 IU of vitamin D twice monthly for 3 months. Sperm parameters and sex hormones were assessed pre- and post-supplementation.Results: Regular vitamin D intake for 3 months significantly increased the participants\u2019 vitamin D levels (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.0001). Both phases showed a positive correlation between vitamin D intake and sperm parameters. Vaccination had no negative effects on sperm parameters and sex hormones. Vitamin D was associated with follicle-stimulating hormone (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.02) and testosterone (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.0001) in phase 2 after treatment. Conclusion: Our results support vitamin D supplementation as an immune adjunct to COVID-19 vaccination for improving sperm parameters and hormone levels. COVID-19 vaccination is not harmful for male fertility potential, and vitamin D is an effective factor for male fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2023.06464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T05:07:36Z","timestamp":1706072856000},"page":"125-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of vitamin D supplementation as COVID-19 vaccine adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones in men with idiopathic infertility: Two separate pre\u2013post 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