{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T07:17:16Z","timestamp":1783495036041,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine","content-domain":{"domain":["ecerm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Reprod Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Postoperative adhesions and inflammation remain major challenges following endometriosis surgery. Human amniotic membrane gel (HAG) has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy with both anti-adhesive and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraperitoneal HAG in reducing adhesion severity, lesion persistence, and inflammatory cytokine levels in an experimental rat model of endometriosis.Methods: Forty-four adult female Wistar rats underwent surgical induction of endometriosis through autotransplantation of uterine horn tissue. After 3 weeks, the animals were randomized into two groups (n=22 each): one receiving intraperitoneal HAG and the other receiving normal saline during a second laparotomy. Adhesion severity was evaluated using the Hoffmann and Lauder scoring systems. Two weeks after the intervention, endometriotic lesion size was measured. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1\u03b2 were assessed at three time points. Histopathological examination was conducted to evaluate the presence of endometriotic tissue, fibrosis, abscess formation, and adipose tissue remodeling.Results: Rats treated with HAG showed a significant reduction in lesion size (6.8 mm\u00b2 vs. 81 mm\u00b2, p&lt;0.001) and significantly lower adhesion scores (p&lt;0.001). Persistent endometriosis was observed in only 36% of animals in the HAG group compared with 95.5% in the control group (p&lt;0.001). Histological analysis demonstrated fewer fibrotic and purulent reactions and a shift toward adipose tissue remodeling in the HAG-treated animals. Serum IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 levels decreased significantly in the HAG group, whereas both cytokines increased in the control group (p&lt;0.001 for both).Conclusion: HAG significantly improved macroscopic, histological, and biochemical outcomes in this experimental model. These findings suggest that HAG may serve as a biologically active adjunct for reducing postoperative adhesion formation and inflammation in endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2025.09110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T07:03:35Z","timestamp":1783494215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating the effect of human amniotic membrane gel to minimize adhesions in endometriosis: findings from an experimental study using a rat model"],"prefix":"10.5653","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7425-3412","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roya","family":"Derakhshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Mehdizadehkashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Iranian Scientific Society of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Sabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5772-8711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shahla","family":"Chaichian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Mohazzab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrang","family":"Kazeminezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Modarres Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayyebeh","family":"Nazeran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, and BC Cancer. British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Abbas","family":"Sheikholeslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Ziai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Rokhgireh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banafsheh","family":"Nikfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manner Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marefat Ghaffari","family":"Novin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3624","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ecerm.org\/upload\/pdf\/cerm-2025-09110.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T07:03:36Z","timestamp":1783494216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ecerm.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5653\/cerm.2025.09110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/cerm.2025.09110","relation":{},"ISSN":["2233-8233","2233-8241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2233-8233","type":"print"},{"value":"2233-8241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}