{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:04:44Z","timestamp":1791212684210,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]],"date-time":"2011-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]],"date-time":"2011-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Sleep Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.1340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]],"date-time":"2011-10-14T15:41:55Z","timestamp":1318606915000},"page":"S6-S8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Impact of Sleepiness and Sleep Deficiency on Public Health\u2014Utility of Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Czeisler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"750002_CR1","volume-title":"Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: An unmet public health problem","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: An unmet public health problem. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2006."},{"key":"750002_CR2","first-page":"159","volume":"117","author":"CA Czeisler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Czeisler CA. The Gordon Wilson Lecture: Work hours, sleep and patient safety in residency training. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2006;117:159\u201389.","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"750002_CR3","volume-title":"Resident Duty Hours: Enhancing Sleep, Supervision, and Safety","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. Resident Duty Hours: Enhancing Sleep, Supervision, and Safety. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2008."},{"key":"750002_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14ra3","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000458","volume":"2","author":"DA Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cohen DA, Wang W, Wyatt JK, et al. Uncovering residual effects of chronic sleep loss on human performance. Science Translational Medicine 2010;2:14ra3.","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"750002_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20863","volume":"59","author":"AI Pack","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pack AI, Dinges DF, Gehrman PR, Staley B, Pack FM, Maislin G. Risk factors for excessive sleepiness in older adults. Ann Neurol 2006;59:893\u2013904.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"750002_CR6","first-page":"R640","volume":"277","author":"C Cajochen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cajochen C, Khalsa SBS, Wyatt JK, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ. EEG and ocular correlates of circadian melatonin phase and human performance decrements during sleep loss. Am J Physiol 1999;277:R640\u2013R9.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"750002_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/11.1.17","volume":"11","author":"T \u00c5kerstedt","year":"1988","unstructured":"\u00c5kerstedt T. Sleepiness as a consequence of shift work. Sleep 1988;11:17\u201334.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"750002_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1064","volume":"134","author":"TJ Balkin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Balkin TJ, Rupp T, Picchioni D, Wesensten NJ. Sleep loss and sleepiness: current issues. Chest 2008;134:653\u201360.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"750002_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.12.011","volume":"83","author":"JA Horne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Horne JA, Burley CV. We know when we are sleepy: Subjective versus objective measurements of moderate sleepiness in healthy adults. Biol Psychol 2010;83:266\u20138.","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"750002_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.1998.0051","volume":"41","author":"A Rechtschaffen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rechtschaffen A. Current perspectives on the function of sleep. Perspect Biol Med 1998;41:359\u201390.","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"key":"750002_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-0792(99)90019-9","volume":"3","author":"JM Krueger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krueger JM, Ob\u00e1l FJ, Fang J. Why we sleep: A theoretical view of sleep function. Sleep Med Rev 1999;3:119\u201329.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"750002_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d511","DOI":"10.2741\/1031","volume":"8","author":"JM Krueger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Krueger JM, Obal F Sleep function. Front Biosci 2003;8:d511\u2013d9.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"750002_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04285","volume":"437","author":"JM Siegel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Siegel JM. Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep. Nature 2005;437:1264\u201371.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"750002_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.05.002","volume":"10","author":"G Tononi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tononi G, Cirelli C. Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis. Sleep Med Rev 2006;10:49\u201362.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"750002_CR15","first-page":"402","volume":"3","author":"D Aeschbach","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aeschbach D. Searching for function in deep sleep. Front Neurosci 2009;3:402\u20133.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"750002_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610080104","volume":"104","author":"VM Savage","year":"2007","unstructured":"Savage VM, West GB. A quantitative, theoretical framework for understanding mammalian sleep. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 2007;104:1051\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"750002_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1471-a","volume":"288","author":"K Spiegel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spiegel K, Sheridan JF, Van Cauter E. Effect of sleep deprivation on response to immunization. JAMA 2002;288:1471\u20132.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"750002_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01376-8","volume":"354","author":"K Spiegel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet 1999;354:1435\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"750002_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00660.2005","volume":"99","author":"K Spiegel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spiegel K, Knutson K, Leproult R, Tasali E, Van Cauter E. Sleep loss: A novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol 2005;99:2008\u201319.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"750002_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26574","volume":"89","author":"AV Nedeltcheva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nedeltcheva AV, Kilkus JM, Imperial J, Kasza K, Schoeller DA, Penev PD. Sleep curtailment is accompanied by increased intake of calories from snacks. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:126\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"750002_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0699","volume":"59","author":"OM Buxton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buxton OM, Pavlova M, Reid EW, Wang W, Simonson DC, Adler GK. Sleep restriction for one week reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Diabetes 2010;59:2126\u201333.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"750002_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.3.371","volume":"34","author":"SM Schmid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, et al. Disturbed glucoregulatory response to food intake after moderate sleep restriction. Sleep 2011;34:371\u20137.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"750002_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.505","volume":"169","author":"S Cohen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Alper CM, Janicki-Deverts D, Turner RB. Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:62\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"750002_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.119","volume":"169","author":"KL Knutson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knutson KL, Van Cauter E, Rathouz PJ, et al. Association between sleep and blood pressure in midlife: the CARDIA sleep study. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:1055\u201361.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"750002_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1417.033","volume":"1129","author":"KL Knutson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Knutson KL, Van Cauter E. Associations between sleep loss and increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008;1129:287\u2013304.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"750002_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.867","volume":"300","author":"CR King","year":"2008","unstructured":"King CR, Knutson KL, Rathouz PJ, Sidney S, Liu K, Lauderdale DS. Short sleep duration and incident coronary artery calcification. JAMA 2008;300:2859\u201366.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"750002_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0298","volume":"159","author":"E Van Cauter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Cauter E, Knutson KL. Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. Eur J Endocrinol 2008;159 Suppl 1:S59\u2013S66.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"750002_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.095471","volume":"50","author":"FP Cappuccio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cappuccio FP, Stranges S, Kandala NB, et al. Gender-specific associations of short sleep duration with prevalent and incident hypertension: the Whitehall II Study. Hypertension 2007;50:693\u2013700.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"750002_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.8.1009","volume":"29","author":"DJ Gottlieb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gottlieb DJ, Redline S, Nieto FJ, et al. Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep 2006;29:1009\u201314.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"750002_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1124","volume":"33","author":"FP Cappuccio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cappuccio FP, D\u2019Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2010;33:414\u201320.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"750002_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2.380","volume":"26","author":"NT Ayas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ayas NT, White DP, Al-Delaimy WK, et al. A prospective study of self-reported sleep duration and incident diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2003;26:380\u20134.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"750002_CR32","unstructured":"Huther A Major Robert Raneri. 2009 [cited 09\/07\/2011]; Available from: http:\/\/drowsydriving.org\/2009\/07\/major-robert-raneri\/."},{"key":"750002_CR33","unstructured":"Czeisler CA. Sleep, Performance and Public Safety. 2007\/12\/18 [cited 09\/07\/2011]; Available from: http:\/\/healthysleep.med.harvard.edu\/healthy\/matters\/consequences\/sleep-performance-and-public-safety."},{"key":"750002_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02303.x","volume":"57","author":"JF Duffy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duffy JF, Willson HJ, Wang W, Czeisler CA. Healthy older adults better tolerate sleep deprivation than young adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:1245\u201351.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"750002_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00034-8","volume":"27","author":"AI Pack","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pack AI, Pack AM, Rodgman E, Cucchiara A, Dinges DF, Schwab CW. Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep. Accid Anal Prev 1995;27:769\u201375.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"750002_CR36","volume-title":"The Washington Post","author":"CA Czeisler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Czeisler CA. Maryland: Asleep at the Wheel. In: The Washington Post. Washington, D.C., 2009"},{"key":"750002_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.4.472","volume":"28","author":"VK Kapur","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kapur VK, Baldwin CM, Resnick HE, Gottlieb DJ, Nieto FJ. Sleepiness in patients with moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep 2005;28:472\u20137.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"750002_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012065","volume":"5","author":"LF Drager","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drager LF, Lopes HF, Maki-Nunes C, et al. The impact of obstructive sleep apnea on metabolic and inflammatory markers in consecutive patients with metabolic syndrome. PLoS ONE 2010;5:e12065.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"750002_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/40775","volume":"388","author":"D Dawson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dawson D, Reid K. Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment. Nature 1997;388:235.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.5664\/JCSM.1340.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.5664\/JCSM.1340\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aasmnet.org\/jcsm\/viewabstract.aspx?pid=28318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.5664\/JCSM.1340.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T08:00:14Z","timestamp":1770364814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.5664\/JCSM.1340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]}},"alternative-id":["750002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.1340","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-9389","1550-9397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-9389","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2011","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}