{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:28:24Z","timestamp":1790774904159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Sleep Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]],"date-time":"2012-08-14T16:33:57Z","timestamp":1344962037000},"page":"367-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Smoking Induces Oropharyngeal Narrowing and Increases the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kyung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Yoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Ryun","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoon Shik","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"181","key":"BF0804005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4102.856","volume":"31","author":"C Guilleminault","year":"1973","unstructured":"Guilleminault C, Eldridge FL, Dement WC. Insomnia with sleep apnea: a new syndrome. Science 1973;31(181):856\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/21.1.27","volume":"21","author":"CW Whitney","year":"1998","unstructured":"Whitney CW, Enright PL, Newman AB, Bonekat W, Foley D, Quan SF. Correlates of daytime sleepiness in 4578 elderly persons: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Sleep 1998;21:27\u201336.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2000.0118","volume":"4","author":"E Lindberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lindberg E, Gislason T. Epidemiology of sleep-related obstructive breathing. Sleep Med Rev 2000;4:411\u201333.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/10.3.254","volume":"10","author":"GD Greenberg","year":"1987","unstructured":"Greenberg GD, Watson RK, Deptula D. Neuropsychological dysfunction in sleep apnea. Sleep 1987;10:254\u201362.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00400.2007","volume":"293","author":"G Parati","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parati G, Lombardi C, Narkiewicz K. Sleep apnea: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relation to cardiovascular risk. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007;293:1671\u201383.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.025","volume":"101","author":"N Peled","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peled N, Kassirer M, Shitrit D, Kogan Y, Shlomi D, Berliner AS, Kramer MR. The association of OSA with insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Respir Med 2007;101:1696\u2013701.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.5.7735600","volume":"151","author":"H Bearpark","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bearpark H, Elliott L, Grunstein R, et al. Snoring and sleep apnea. A population study in Australian men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1459\u201365.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-474OC","volume":"170","author":"KA Franklin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Franklin KA, G\u00e1islason T, Omenaas E, et al. The influence of active and passive smoking on habitual snoring. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:799\u2013803.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.4.1048","volume":"114","author":"E Lindberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lindberg E, Taube A, Janson C, Gislason T, Sv\u00fcardsudd K, Boman G. A 10-year follow-up of snoring in men. Chest 1998;114:1048\u201355.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420190121014","volume":"154","author":"DW Wetter","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wetter DW, Young TB, Bidwell TR, Badr MS, Palta M. Smoking as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:2219\u201324.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30537-9","volume":"10","author":"C Guilleminault","year":"1987","unstructured":"Guilleminault C. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A review. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1987;10:607\u201321.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.4.1403","volume":"61","author":"DW Hudgel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hudgel DW. Variable site of airway narrowing among obstructive sleep apnea patients. J Appl Physiol 1986;61:1403\u20139.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR13","first-page":"261","volume":"345","author":"JE Remmers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Remmers JE, Launois S, Feroah T, Whitelaw WA. Mechanics of the pharynx in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Clin Biol Res 1990;345:261\u20138.","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.4.678","volume":"93","author":"JW Bloom","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bloom JW, Kaltenborn WT, Quan SF. Risk factors in a general population for snoring. Importance of cigarette smoking and obesity. Chest 1988;93:678\u201383.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000903700207","volume":"37","author":"K Aksu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aksu K, Firat G\u00fcuven S, Aksu F, et al. Obstructive sleep apnoea, cigarette smoking and plasma orexin-A in a sleep clinic cohort. J Int Med Res 2009;37:331\u201340.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.12.008","volume":"10","author":"C Sahlin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sahlin C, Franklin KA, Stenlund H, Lindberg E. Sleep in women: Normal values for sleep stages and position and the effect of age, obesity, sleep apnea, smoking, alcohol and hypertension. Sleep Med 2009;10:1025\u201330.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-699X.2008.00076.x","volume":"2","author":"S Berg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berg S. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: current status. Clin Respir J 2008;2:197\u2013201.","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200709-155MG","volume":"15","author":"NM Punjabi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008;15:136\u201343.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.04.018","volume":"9","author":"M Ekici","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ekici M, Ekici A, Keles H, et al. Risk factors and correlates of snoring and observed apnea. Sleep Med 2008;9:290\u20136.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.03.018","volume":"9","author":"L Lavie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lavie L, Lavie P. Smoking interacts with sleep apnea to increase cardiovascular risk. Sleep Med 2008;9:247\u201353.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70275-9","volume":"14","author":"RD Chervin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chervin RD, Guilleminault C. Obstructive sleep apnea and related disorders. Neurol Clin 1996;14:583\u2013609.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074907","volume":"31","author":"J Theorell-Haglow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Theorell-Haglow J, Berne C, Janson C, Lindberg E. Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in females. Eur Respir J 2008;31:1054\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199110000-00013","volume":"101","author":"A Metes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Metes A, Hoffstein V, Mateika S, Cole P, Haight JS. Site of airway obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea before and after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Laryngoscope 1991;101:1102\u20138.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900609","volume":"109","author":"WC Farmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Farmer WC, Giudici SC. Site of airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000;109:581\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5541011211","volume":"101","author":"BT Woodson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Woodson BT, Garancis JC, Toohill RJ. Histopathologic changes in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Laryngoscope 1991;101:1318\u201322.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199608000-00021","volume":"106","author":"M Sekosan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sekosan M, Zakkar M, Wenig BL, Olopade CO, Rubinstein I. Inflammation in the uvula mucosa of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope 1996;106:1018\u201320.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR27","first-page":"151","volume":"11","author":"JM Lundberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lundberg JM, Martling CR, Lundblad L. Cigarette smoke-induced irritation in the airways in relation to peptide-containing, capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. Klin Wochenschr 1988;11:151\u201360.","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.6.7767517","volume":"151","author":"YH Lei","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lei YH, Barnes PJ, Rogers DF. Mechanisms and modulation of airway plasma exudation after direct inhalation of cigarette smoke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1752\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018537","volume":"436","author":"RL Horner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Horner RL, Innes JA, Holden HB, Guz A. Afferent pathway(s) for pharyngeal dilator reflex to negative pressure in man: a study using upper airway anaesthesia. J Physiol 1991;436:31\u201344.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.5_Pt_1.1246","volume":"146","author":"H Larsson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Larsson H, Carlsson-Nordlander B, Lindblad LE, Norbeck O, Svanborg E. Temperature thresholds in the oropharynx of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:1246\u20139.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199803000-00022","volume":"108","author":"D Friberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Friberg D, Gazelius B, Lindblad LE, Nordlander B. Habitual snorers and sleep apnoeics have abnormal vascular reactions of the soft palatal mucosa on afferent nerve stimulation. Laryngoscope 1998;108:431\u20136.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00214575","volume":"241","author":"R Uddman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Uddman R, Luts A, Sundler F. Occurrence and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the mammalian respiratory tract and middle ear. Cell Tissue Res 1985;241:551\u20135.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12061454","volume":"12","author":"GU Di Maria","year":"1998","unstructured":"Di Maria GU, Bellofiore S, Geppetti P. Regulation of airway neurogenic inflammation by neutral endopeptidase. Eur Respir J 1998;12:1454\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949710600606","volume":"106","author":"M Zakkar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zakkar M, Sekosan M, Wenig B, Olopade CO, Rubinstein I. Decrease in immunoreactive neutral endopeptidase in uvula epithelium of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997;106:474\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"BF0804005_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1869OC","volume":"182","author":"JM Marin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marin JM, Soriano JB, Carrizo SJ, Boldova A, Celli BR. Outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;182:325\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.5664\/jcsm.2024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.5664\/jcsm.2024\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aasmnet.org\/jcsm\/viewabstract.aspx?pid=28610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.5664\/jcsm.2024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T08:04:24Z","timestamp":1770365064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.5664\/jcsm.2024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]}},"alternative-id":["BF0804005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-9389","1550-9397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-9389","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 July 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2012","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2012","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2012","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}