{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:59:05Z","timestamp":1791406745030,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Sleep Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T14:59:27Z","timestamp":1397487567000},"page":"391-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["High Hypopnea\/Apnea Ratio (HAR) in Extreme Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Reeba","family":"Mathew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Castriotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1004007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09464-3","volume":"360","author":"A Malhotra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Malhotra A, White DP. Obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet 2002;360:237\u201345.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1004007_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549","volume":"295","author":"CL Ogden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtain LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States 1999\u20132004. JAMA 2006;295:1549\u201355.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1004007_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00419.x","volume":"230","author":"R Rajala","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rajala R, Partinen M, Sane T, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in morbidly obese patients. J Intern Med 1991;230:125\u20139.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"1004007_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.8.893","volume":"162","author":"T Young","year":"2002","unstructured":"Young T, Shahar E, Nieto FJ, et al. Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults; the Sleep Heart Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:893\u2013900.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1004007_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420150073007","volume":"154","author":"AN Vgontzas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vgontzas AN, Tan TL, Bixler EO, Martin LF, Shubert D, Kales A. Sleep apnea and sleep disruption in obese patients. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:1705\u201311.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1004007_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1159\/000165371","volume":"78","author":"P Palla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palla P, Digiorgio M, Carpene N, et al. Sleep apnea in morbidly obese patients: prevalence and clinical predictivity. Respiration 2009;78:134\u201340.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"1004007_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200211-1304OC","volume":"168","author":"R Farre","year":"2003","unstructured":"Farre R, Rigau J, Montserrat JM, Buscemi L, Ballester E, Navajas D. Static and dynamic upper airway obstruction in sleep apnea: role of the breathing gas properties. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2003;168:659\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1004007_CR8","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications","author":"C Iber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson A, Quan SF. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2007."},{"key":"1004007_CR9","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. Version 2.0.2","author":"RB Berry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berry RB, Brooks R, Gamaldo CE, et al. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. Version 2.0.2. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine www.aasmnet.org; 2013."},{"key":"1004007_CR10","first-page":"A39","volume":"165","author":"I Deebajah","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deebajah I, Demirovic F, Tarbichi A, Bard MS. Effect of long term facilitation on critical closing pressure in patients with sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:A39.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1004007_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-009-0253-7","volume":"13","author":"C Guilleminault","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guilleminault C, Hagen CC, Huynh NT. Comparison of hypopnea definitions in lean patients with known obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Sleep Breath 2009;13:341\u20137.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"1004007_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200905-0773OC","volume":"180","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peppard PE, Ward NR, Morrell MJ. The impact of obesity on oxygen desaturation during sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:788\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1004007_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2450","volume":"36","author":"WJ Randerath","year":"2013","unstructured":"Randerath WJ, Treml M, Priegnitz C, Stieglitz S, Hagmeyer L, Morgenstern C. Evaluation of a non-invasive algorithm for differentiation of obstructive and central hypopneas. Sleep 2013;36:363\u20138.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"1004007_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.369","volume":"120","author":"R Kessler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kessler R, Chaouat A, Schinkewitch P, et al. The obesity-hypoventilation syndrome revisited: a prospective study of 34 consecutive cases. Chest 2001;120:369\u2013376.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1004007_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2977(00)00024-3","volume":"56","author":"O Resta","year":"2000","unstructured":"Resta O, Foschino Barbaro MP, Bonfitto P, et al. Hypercapnia in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Neth J Med 2000;56:215\u201322.","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"1004007_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-006-0092-8","volume":"11","author":"B Mokhlesi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, Wang Y, Evans AT. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2007;11:117\u201324.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"1004007_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0360-5","volume":"14","author":"GP Trakada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trakada GP, Steiropoulos P, Nena E, Constandinidis TC, Bouros D. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of obesity hypoventilation syndrome among individuals reporting sleep-related breathing symptoms in northern Greece. Sleep Breath 2010;14:381\u20136.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"1004007_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00410.2004","volume":"99","author":"AS Jordan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jordan AS, Wellman A, Edwards JK, Schory K, Dover L, MacDonal M. Respiratory control stability and upper airway collapsibility in men and women with obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol 2005;99:2020\u20137.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1004007_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(03)00111-3","volume":"137","author":"AGS Tarbichi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tarbichi AGS, Rowley JA, Shkoukani MA, Mahadevan K, Badr MS. Lack of gender difference in ventilatory chemoresponsiveness and post-hypoxic ventilatory drive. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2003;137:41\u201350.","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1004007_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2112072","volume":"166","author":"A Malholtra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Malholtra A, Huang Y, Fogel RB, et al. The male predisposition to pharyngeal collapse: importance of airway length. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:1388\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1004007_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00099404","volume":"23","author":"M Carrera","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carrera M, Barbe F, Sauleda J, et al. Effects of obesity upon genioglossus structure and function in obstructive sleep apnea. Eur Respir J 2004;23:425\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1004007_CR22","first-page":"1162","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","author":"RJ Schwab","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwab RJ, Remmers JE, Kuna ST., Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC. Anatomy and physiology of upper airway obstruction. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine 5th ed St. Louis, MO: Elsevier\/Saunders 1162 2011.","edition":"5th"},{"key":"1004007_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.3.724","volume":"140","author":"JL Stauffer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stauffer JL, Buick MK, Bixler EO, Sharkey FE, Abt AB, Manders EK. Morphology of the uvula in obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:724\u20138.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.5664\/jcsm.3612.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.5664\/jcsm.3612\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aasmnet.org\/jcsm\/viewabstract.aspx?pid=29431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.5664\/jcsm.3612.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T08:09:16Z","timestamp":1770365356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.5664\/jcsm.3612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["1004007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.3612","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-9389","1550-9397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-9389","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9397","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2013","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2013","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2014","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}