{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:59:02Z","timestamp":1793059142299,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T19:07:17Z","timestamp":1351710437000},"page":"1529-1539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of an Oral, Extended-Release Formulation of Phentermine\/Topiramate for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese Adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"David H.","family":"Winslow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen P.","family":"DiDonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela A.","family":"McCullough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-3-200502010-00010","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"142","author":"Caples","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp012849","article-title":"Clinical practice. Obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"347","author":"Flemons","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000101686.98973.A3","article-title":"Obesity, sleep apnea, and hypertension","volume":"42","author":"Wolk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.16.2013","article-title":"Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults","volume":"291","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00.16592100","article-title":"Therapy with nCPAP: incomplete elimination of sleep related breathing disorder","volume":"16","author":"Grote","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2007.04.011","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of sleep apnea","volume":"40","author":"Chowdhuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2432","article-title":"Positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"132","author":"Kakkar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-629PP","article-title":"Sleep apnea, alertness, and motor vehicle crashes","volume":"176","author":"George","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B9","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Sleep apnea as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality: the Busselton Health Study","volume":"31","author":"Marshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00089902","article-title":"Impaired glucose-insulin metabolism in males with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Meslier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2165\/11531150-000000000-00000","article-title":"Do sleep disorders and associated treatments impact glucose metabolism?","volume":"69","author":"Punjabi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.14.1906","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: implications for cardiac and vascular disease","volume":"290","author":"Shamsuzzaman","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-139MG","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome: alterations in glucose metabolism and inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Tasali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0828","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes: interacting epidemics","volume":"133","author":"Tasali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B15","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort","volume":"31","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533609351532","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and obesity: pathophysiology, complications, and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Leinum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200707-114MG","article-title":"Pathophysiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Eckert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-137MG","article-title":"Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches","volume":"5","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.266","article-title":"A randomized study on the effect of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea among obese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Sleep AHEAD study","volume":"169","author":"Foster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d3017","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3017","article-title":"Longer term effects of very low energy diet on obstructive sleep apnoea in cohort derived from randomised controlled trial: prospective observational follow-up study","volume":"342","author":"Johansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200805-669OC","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention with weight reduction: first-line treatment in mild obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"179","author":"Tuomilehto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.6.703","article-title":"Two year reduction in sleep apnea symptoms and associated diabetes incidence after weight loss in severe obesity","volume":"30","author":"Grunstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.08.012","article-title":"Objective evidence that bariatric surgery improves obesity-related obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"141","author":"Haines","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3015","article-title":"Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"284","author":"Peppard","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803363","article-title":"The effect of sibutramine-assisted weight loss in men with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"31","author":"Yee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050156","article-title":"Randomized trial of lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy for obesity","volume":"353","author":"Wadden","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60205-5","article-title":"Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"377","author":"Gadde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B28","article-title":"Adipex-P [package insert]","year":"2005"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e523","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748","article-title":"2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC\/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons","volume":"118","author":"Bonow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.029","article-title":"Stress-induced changes in mood and cortisol release predict mood effects of amphetamine","volume":"109","author":"Hamidovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809103391102","article-title":"A population-based study of appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of cardiac-valve regurgitation","volume":"339","author":"Jick","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010375956","article-title":"Comparison of the behavioral and cardiovascular effects of intranasal and oral d-amphetamine in healthy human subjects","volume":"51","author":"Lile","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.8.869","article-title":"Aminorex, fenfluramine, and chlorphentermine are serotonin transporter substrates. Implications for primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"100","author":"Rothman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2396(20010101)39:1<32::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin","volume":"39","author":"Rothman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B35","article-title":"Topamax [package insert]","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2001","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate controlled release in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"30","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.102","article-title":"A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of topiramate for weight loss in obesity","volume":"11","author":"Bray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.03.053","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects with essential hypertension","volume":"96","author":"Tonstad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803382","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topiramate in combination with metformin in the treatment of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Toplak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802783","article-title":"A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects","volume":"28","author":"Wilding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.024927","article-title":"Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine\/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study","volume":"95","author":"Garvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B42","volume-title":"The LEARN program for weight management","author":"Brownell","year":"2000"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.4.376","article-title":"Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale","volume":"15","author":"Johns","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1568","article-title":"Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial","volume":"282","author":"Heymsfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705850","article-title":"Topiramate modulates pH of hippocampal CA3 neurons by combined effects on carbonic anhydrase and Cl-\/HCO3- exchange","volume":"142","author":"Leniger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415031000120552","article-title":"Effects of tyrosine, phentermine, caffeine D-amphetamine, and placebo on cognitive and motor performance deficits during sleep deprivation","volume":"6","author":"Magill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00587.2005","article-title":"Excess weight and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"99","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1326.2002.00236.x","article-title":"Impact of weight loss on the metabolic syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Case","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm081","article-title":"A 3-year patient-centred follow-up of 516 consecutively treated orthognathic surgery patients","volume":"30","author":"Espeland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.3.674","article-title":"Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: no longer just a lot of hot air","volume":"121","author":"Eveloff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-009-0248-4","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of oral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea","volume":"13","author":"Sadatsafavi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-121MG","article-title":"Surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: upper airway and maxillomandibular surgery","volume":"5","author":"Won","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.74.8.561","article-title":"Modafinil in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness","volume":"74","author":"Valentino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200507-1035OC","article-title":"Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure: a double-blind, prospective study","volume":"173","author":"Javaheri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.43.2.113","article-title":"Effects of acetazolamide in patients with the sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Tojima","year":"1988","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201103-0428OC","article-title":"Therapeutic decision-making for sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome using home respiratory polygraphy: a large multicentric study","volume":"184","author":"Masa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.211201","article-title":"Obesity is associated with fatal coronary heart disease independently of traditional risk factors and deprivation","volume":"97","author":"Logue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118235","article-title":"Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"96","author":"Somers","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170420030740_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1520-037X.2003.00986.x","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing: implications in cerebrovascular disease","volume":"6","author":"Mohsenin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prev Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Sleep"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/35\/11\/1529\/13667175\/aasm.35.11.1529.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T04:15:16Z","timestamp":1562300116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.5665\/sleep.2204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.2204","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}