{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:02:38Z","timestamp":1789596158675,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T15:59:56Z","timestamp":1412092796000},"page":"1689-1698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Heritability of Craniofacial Structures in Normal Subjects and Patients with Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Luqi","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois-Louis","family":"Comyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan T.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Cater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Maislin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan I.","family":"Pack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704","article-title":"The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults","volume":"328","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.10.005","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the Sao Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study","volume":"11","author":"Tufik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.5.917","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences in sleep-disordered breathing in older male twins","volume":"27","author":"Carmelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107121","article-title":"Familial predisposition and cosegregation analysis of adult obstructive sleep apnea and the sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"166","author":"Gislason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-3-199502010-00003","article-title":"Family studies in patients with the sleep apneahypopnea syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Mathur","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1086\/346064","article-title":"A whole-genome scan for obstructive sleep apnea and obesity","volume":"72","author":"Palmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-493OC","article-title":"Whole genome scan for obstructive sleep apnea and obesity in African-American families","volume":"169","author":"Palmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.3_Pt_1.688","article-title":"Assessment of the role of inheritance in sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"151","author":"Pillar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.3_Pt_1.682","article-title":"The familial aggregation of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"151","author":"Redline","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302745","article-title":"How does obstructive sleep apnoea evolve in syndromic craniosynostosis? A prospective cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Driessen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.101329","article-title":"Management of obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric craniofacial anomalies","volume":"2","author":"Rachmiel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.1.132","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Marcus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.07.016","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia. Part 2. Relationship with craniofacial and airway morphology","volume":"70","author":"Onodera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.6.1545","article-title":"Familial aggregates in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.07.033","article-title":"Heritability of craniofacial characteristics between parents and offspring estimated from lateral cephalograms","volume":"127","author":"Johannsdottir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81001-7","article-title":"Heritability of cephalometric and occlusal variables as assessed from siblings with overt malocclusions","volume":"104","author":"King","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B17","first-page":"467","article-title":"A genetic study of anteroposterior and vertical facial proportions using model-fitting","volume":"68","author":"Savoye","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002932","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002932","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies five loci influencing facial morphology in Europeans","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200412-1736OC","article-title":"Family aggregation of upper airway soft tissue structures in normal subjects and patients with sleep apnea","volume":"173","author":"Schwab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-866OC","article-title":"Identification of upper airway anatomic risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea with volumetric MRI","volume":"168","author":"Schwab","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00119210","article-title":"Identification of craniofacial risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea using three-dimensional MRI","volume":"38","author":"Chi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.86.5.793","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and abnormal cephalometric measurements. Implications for treatment","volume":"86","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(86)90108-3","article-title":"Facial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"90","author":"Lowe","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100108734","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. I. Skeletal morphology","volume":"103","author":"Lyberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70177-4","article-title":"Craniofacial structure and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome\u2014a qualitative analysis and meta-analysis of the literature","author":"Miles","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B26","article-title":"A manual of standardized terminology: techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects","author":"Rechtschaffen","year":"1968"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.08.001","article-title":"Estimation of stature from cephalo-facial anthropometry in north Indian population","volume":"181","author":"Krishan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.09.071","article-title":"Determination of sex by discriminant function analysis and stature by regression analysis: a lateral cephalometric study","volume":"147","author":"Patil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1375\/136905203770326402","article-title":"Heritability of adult body height: a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries","volume":"6","author":"Silventoinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Twin Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030097","article-title":"Combined genome scans for body stature in 6,602 European twins: evidence for common Caucasian loci","volume":"3","author":"Perola","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000445","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000445","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide scans for human adult stature identifies novel Loci and associations with measures of skeletal frame size","volume":"5","author":"Soranzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2121","article-title":"A common variant of HMGA2 is associated with adult and childhood height in the general population","volume":"39","author":"Weedon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.74","article-title":"Common variants in the GDF5-UQCC region are associated with variation in human height","volume":"40","author":"Sanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.121","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies 20 loci that influence adult height","volume":"40","author":"Weedon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.122","article-title":"Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height","volume":"40","author":"Gudbjartsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.125","article-title":"Identification of ten loci associated with height highlights new biological pathways in human growth","volume":"40","author":"Lettre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00145-5","article-title":"Estimation of stature from somatometry of skull","volume":"97","author":"Chiba","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00003","article-title":"Upper airway sleep-disordered breathing in women","volume":"122","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/23.6.703","article-title":"Maxillary morphology in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Seto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.7.909","article-title":"Morphologic analyses of mandible and upper airway soft tissue by MRI of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Okubo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.1.195","article-title":"Mandible enclosure of upper airway and weight in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"148","author":"Shelton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B42","first-page":"119","article-title":"Comparison of tongue volume\/oral cavity volume ratio between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients and normal adults using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"53","author":"Iida-Kondo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318173f103","article-title":"Anatomical balance of the upper airway and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"108","author":"Tsuiki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02082.x","article-title":"Obesity and craniofacial structure as risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea: impact of ethnicity","volume":"17","author":"Sutherland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0192OC","article-title":"A candidate gene study of obstructive sleep apnea in European Americans and African Americans","volume":"182","author":"Larkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B46","first-page":"2076","article-title":"Persistent expression of Pax3 in the neural crest causes cleft palate and defective osteogenesis in mice","volume":"118","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21211","article-title":"Review and update of mutations causing Waardenburg syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Pingault","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.12.021","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of three-dimensional facial morphology identifies a variant in PAX3 associated with nasion position","volume":"90","author":"Paternoster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp543","article-title":"Prdm16 is required for normal palatogenesis in mice","volume":"19","author":"Bjork","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2009.09.006","article-title":"PRDM16 expression in the developing mouse embryo","volume":"113","author":"Horn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2007.03.016","article-title":"PRDM16\/MEL1: a novel Smad binding protein expressed in murine embryonic orofacial tissue","volume":"1773","author":"Warner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.6.3.3796","article-title":"p63-associated disorders","volume":"6","author":"Rinne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.036442","article-title":"A mutation of the p63 gene in nonsyndromic cleft lip","volume":"43","author":"Leoyklang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.06.030","article-title":"Facial clefting in Tp63 deficient mice results from altered Bmp4, Fgf8 and Shh signaling","volume":"321","author":"Thomason","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112203550081400_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.8","article-title":"Increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with cleft palate","volume":"137","author":"Robison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Sleep"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/37\/10\/1689\/26669059\/aasm.37.10.1689.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T08:48:22Z","timestamp":1650271702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/37\/10\/1689\/2416860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.4082","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718894377.793512505","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]}}}