{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:32:59Z","timestamp":1791354779370,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T22:00:32Z","timestamp":1422655232000},"page":"241-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Young Subjects with Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Buterbaugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Health Care System, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Wynstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Health Care System, Tucson, AZ"},{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Provencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Health Care System, Tucson, AZ"},{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center, Tucson, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Medicine of University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Health Care System, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sairam","family":"Parthasarathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Health Care System, Tucson, AZ"},{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center, Tucson, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Medicine of University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109080","article-title":"Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective","volume":"165","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200709-155MG","article-title":"The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Punjabi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.5.2007013","article-title":"Chemical control stability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"163","author":"Younes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108-1573ED","article-title":"Physiologic phenotypes of sleep apnea pathogenesis","volume":"184","author":"Schwartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2008","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sleep apnea","volume":"90","author":"Dempsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-866OC","article-title":"Identification of upper airway anatomic risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"168","author":"Schwab","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154864","article-title":"Impaired respiratory response to resistive loading during sleep in healthy offspring of patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"155","author":"Pillar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B8","first-page":"521","article-title":"State dependent electrophysiological changes in central nervous system activity","volume-title":"Developmental Neurobiology of Breathing","author":"Harper","year":"1991"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1996.sp003911","article-title":"Behavioural and arousal-related influences on breathing in humans","volume":"81","author":"Shea","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B10","first-page":"609","article-title":"Functional localization of brainstem and cervical spinal cord nuclei in humans with fMRI","volume":"23","author":"Komisaruk","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910290208","article-title":"The sensitivity of magnetic resonance image signals of a rat brain to changes in the cerebral venous blood oxygenation","volume":"29","author":"Ogawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000157593.03470.3d","article-title":"Blood oxygen level-dependent MRI of cerebral CO2 reactivity in severe carotid stenosis and occlusion","volume":"36","author":"Ziyeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000037546.46809.CA","article-title":"Estimation of cerebral perfusion reserve by blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging: comparison with single-photon emission computed tomography","volume":"23","author":"Shiino","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.506709","article-title":"Mapping cerebrovascular reactivity using blood oxygen level-dependent MRI in patients with arterial steno-occlusive disease: comparison with arterial spin labeling MRI","volume":"39","author":"Mandell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B15","first-page":"8","article-title":"Interpreting oxygenation-based neuroimaging signals: the importance and the challenge of understanding brain oxygen metabolism","volume":"2","author":"Buxton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Neuroenergetics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1020","article-title":"Nonlinear temporal dynamics of the cerebral blood flow response","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2491071644","article-title":"Reduced cerebrovascular reserve at CO2 BOLD MR imaging is associated with increased risk of periinterventional ischemic lesions during carotid endarterectomy or stent placement: preliminary results","volume":"249","author":"Haller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.74.4.1509","article-title":"Modification of mastication and respiration during swallowing in the adult human","volume":"74","author":"McFarland","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000132","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000132","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Punjabi","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043104","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death","volume":"353","author":"Yaggi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200911-1746OC","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apneahypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study","volume":"182","author":"Redline","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200201-050OC","article-title":"Brain morphology associated with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"166","author":"Macey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.6.7952619","article-title":"Impairment of cerebral perfusion during obstructive sleep apneas","volume":"150","author":"Balfors","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22146","article-title":"Executive performance is related to regional gray matter volume in healthy older individuals","volume":"34","author":"Ruscheweyh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(97)00160-7","article-title":"Age and sex effects on brain morphology","volume":"21","author":"Passe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","article-title":"Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine","volume":"8","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9868","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9868","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation","volume":"87","author":"Ogawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.1.33","article-title":"Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of human brain perfusion at 1.5 T using steady-state inversion of arterial water","volume":"91","author":"Roberts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2006000600001","article-title":"Quantitative aspects of brain perfusion dynamic induced by BOLD fMRI","volume":"64","author":"Andrade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.059","article-title":"Reproducibility of BOLD signal change induced by breath holding","volume":"45","author":"Magon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-011-0330-3","article-title":"Double-check: validation of diagnostic statistics for PLS-DA models in metabolomics studies","volume":"8","author":"Szymanska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68044-4_2","article-title":"Functional MRI limitations and aspirations","volume-title":"Neural Correlates of Thinking","author":"Bandettini","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(98)00211-2","article-title":"Mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity using BOLD magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"17","author":"Lythgoe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.5.1468","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical control of tongue movement in humans: a functional neuroimaging study using fMRI","volume":"86","author":"Corfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2003.09.002","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to expiratory loading in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"138","author":"Macey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00881.2002","article-title":"fMRI responses to cold pressor challenges in control and obstructive sleep apnea subjects","volume":"94","author":"Harper","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00702.2002","article-title":"Neural responses during Valsalva maneuvers in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Henderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02385-9","article-title":"Brain activation during human finger extension and flexion movements","volume":"856","author":"Yue","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200412-1631SO","article-title":"Pathogenesis of obstructive and central sleep apnea","volume":"172","author":"White","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.04.018","article-title":"Activities of human genioglossus motor units","volume":"179","author":"Bailey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.3.379","article-title":"Discharge patterns of human genioglossus motor units during arousal from sleep","volume":"33","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00695498","article-title":"Morphometry of the degenerative process in the hypoglossal nerves in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"73","author":"Atsumi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199509000-00003","article-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome: increased number of synapses in the hypoglossal nucleus","volume":"54","author":"O'Kusky","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.2.330","article-title":"Basal ganglia motor control. III. Pallidal ablation: normal reaction time, muscle cocontraction, and slow movement","volume":"65","author":"Mink","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05281.x","article-title":"Effects of sex and age on regional prefrontal brain volume in two human cohorts","volume":"25","author":"Cowell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.126730","article-title":"Changes in brain morphology in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"65","author":"Morrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90900.2008","article-title":"Impaired cerebral autoregulation in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"105","author":"Urbano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2632","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for cerebral white matter change in a middle-aged and older general population","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22514","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy and sleep-disordered breathing: implications for autonomic regulation","volume":"295","author":"Harper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201005-0693OC","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: brain structural changes and neurocognitive function before and after treatment","volume":"183","author":"Canessa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0162OC","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in the microcirculation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"182","author":"Patt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200306-767OC","article-title":"Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea and response to treatment","volume":"169","author":"Ip","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.059","article-title":"Microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, white matter lesions and cerebrovascular reactivity -- a 7 T study","volume":"59","author":"Conijn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3477","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00107.2002","article-title":"Brain responses associated with the Valsalva maneuver revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"88","author":"Henderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.12.2641","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging of regional cerebral blood oxygenation changes during breath holding","volume":"29","author":"Kastrup","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204055665000_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(03)00083-3","article-title":"Influence of baseline hematocrit on between-subject BOLD signal change using gradient echo and asymmetric spin echo EPI","volume":"21","author":"Gustard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"}],"container-title":["Sleep"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/38\/2\/241\/26671344\/aasm.38.2.241.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T14:02:57Z","timestamp":1598709777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/38\/2\/241\/2416943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.4406","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}}}