{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:35:50Z","timestamp":1791232550432,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T19:01:29Z","timestamp":1430420489000},"page":"787-792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Increased Lucid Dreaming Frequency in Narcolepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Rak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Plank-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Beitinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Plank-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Steiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Plank-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schredl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Dresler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Plank-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6645-3.00084-0","article-title":"Narcolepsy: pathophysiology and genetic disposition","volume-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","author":"Mignot","year":"2011"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.10.012","article-title":"Neuroscience-driven discovery and development of sleep therapeutics","volume":"141","author":"Dresler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.06.002","article-title":"Dreams in patients with sleep disorders","volume":"13","author":"Schredl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DREM.0000005900.63728.a7","article-title":"Dream content in patients with narcolepsy: preliminary findings","volume":"8","author":"Schredl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11818-012-0552-2","article-title":"Dreaming in patients with sleep disorders: a multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"Schredl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Somnologie"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199305000-00008","article-title":"Dream-disturbed sleep in insomnia and narcolepsy","volume":"181","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B7","first-page":"150","article-title":"Narcolepsy: nocturnal dream frequency in adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Nixon","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B8","first-page":"187","article-title":"Dreams in narcolepsy, hypersomnia and dissociated sleep disorders","volume":"27","author":"Roth","year":"1969","journal-title":"Exp Med Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1006\/ccog.2000.0466","article-title":"REM mentation in narcoleptics and normals: an empirical test of two neurocognitive theories","volume":"9","author":"Fosse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.7.724","article-title":"Emotional experience during rapid-eye-movement sleep in narcolepsy","volume":"25","author":"Fosse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-34207","article-title":"Untersuchung zur Komorbidit\u00e4t bei Narkolepsiepatienten","volume":"127","author":"Mayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Deut Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1981.52.3.727","article-title":"Lucid dreaming verified by volitional communication during REM sleep","volume":"52","author":"LaBerge","year":"1981","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1159\/000095446","article-title":"Lucid dreaming treatment for nightmares: a pilot study","volume":"75","author":"Spoormaker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025325529560","article-title":"Lucid dreaming treatment for nightmares: a series of cases","volume":"13","author":"Spoormaker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1960.01710040091011","article-title":"Studies in psychophysiology of dreams: III. The dream of narcolepsy","volume":"3","author":"Vogel","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B16","first-page":"161","article-title":"Mentation reported from naps of narcoleptics","volume":"3","author":"Vogel","year":"1976","journal-title":"Adv Sleep Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.02.010","article-title":"Lucid dreaming during multiple sleep latency test (MSLT)","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.205","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness and the pathophysiology of narcolepsycataplexy: a laboratory perspective","volume":"9","author":"Broughton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3428","article-title":"Delusional confusion of dreaming and reality in narcolepsy","volume":"37","author":"Wamsley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2466\/02.09.PMS.111.4.60-64","article-title":"Frequency of lucid dreaming in a representative German sample","volume":"111","author":"Schredl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.2466\/PMS.98.3.1422-1426","article-title":"Reliability and stability of a dream recall frequency scale","volume":"98","author":"Schredl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B22","first-page":"123","article-title":"Reliability and stability of lucid dream and nightmare frequency scales","volume":"6","author":"Stumbrys","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dream Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04284","article-title":"Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms","volume":"437","author":"Saper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0349-0","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings in narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"13","author":"Dang-Vu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0644-y","article-title":"Sleep paralysis in narcolepsy: more than just a motor dissociative phenomenon?","volume":"33","author":"Terzaghi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B26","first-page":"1","article-title":"An hour of wakefulness before morning naps makes lucidity more likely","volume":"6","author":"LaBerge","year":"1994","journal-title":"NightLight"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2012.07.003","article-title":"Induction of lucid dreams: a systematic review of evidence","volume":"21","author":"Stumbrys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500545813","article-title":"Age-related changes in the circadian and homeostatic regulation of human sleep","volume":"23","author":"Cajochen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.7.861","article-title":"Age-related changes in slow wave sleep and REM sleep and relationship with growth hormone and cortisol levels in healthy men","volume":"284","author":"Van Cauter","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.5.975","article-title":"Dream recall and dream recall failure: an arousal-retrievel model","volume":"83","author":"Koulack","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B31","first-page":"79","article-title":"Dream recall: models and empirical data","volume-title":"The new science of dreaming - Volume 2: content, recall, and personality correlates","author":"Schredl","year":"2007"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1998.00113.x","article-title":"Dreaming and insomnia: dream recall and dream content of patients with insomnia","volume":"7","author":"Schredl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1037\/h0094443","article-title":"Age changes in dream recall in adulthood","volume":"6","author":"Giambra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B34","first-page":"3","article-title":"Variations in dream recall frequency and dream theme diversity by age and sex","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.108.3.677-680","article-title":"Recall frequency of positive and negative dreams in a representative German sample","volume":"108","author":"Schredl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00626.x","article-title":"Gender differences in dream recall: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Schredl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.07.012","article-title":"Story-like organization of REM-dreams in patients with narcolepsycataplexy","volume":"77","author":"Cipolli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.10.021","article-title":"REM-dreams recall in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy","volume":"81","author":"Mazzetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.3.482","article-title":"Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: a review and neurocognitive model","volume":"133","author":"Levin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-003-0438-1","article-title":"Effects of state and trait factors on nightmare frequency","volume":"253","author":"Schredl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.09.029","article-title":"Dreamed movement elicits activation in the sensorimotor cortex","volume":"21","author":"Dresler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00987","article-title":"Volitional components of consciousness vary across wakefulness, dreaming and lucid dreaming","volume":"4","author":"Dresler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000289106","article-title":"Lucid dreaming as a treatment for recurrent nightmares","volume":"66","author":"Zadra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B44","first-page":"652","article-title":"Volume of the amygdala is reduced in patients with narcolepsy \u2013 a structural MRI study","volume":"32","author":"Brabec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21881","article-title":"Reduced amygdala activity during aversive conditioning in human narcolepsy","volume":"67","author":"Ponz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.175786","article-title":"A brain PET study in patients with narcolepsycataplexy","volume":"81","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.029","article-title":"Neural cituitry underlaying the regulation of conditioned fear and ist relation to extinction","volume":"59","author":"Delgado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.9.1191","article-title":"Lucid dreaming: a state of conciousness with features of both waking ans non-lucid dreaming","volume":"32","author":"Voss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1974","article-title":"Neural correlates of dream lucidity obtained from contrasting lucid versus non-lucid REM sleep: a combined EEG\/fMRI case study","volume":"35","author":"Dresler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1983.57.1.79","article-title":"Techniques for inducing and manipulating lucid dreams","volume":"57","author":"Tholey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3719","article-title":"Induction of self awareness in dreams through frontal low current stimulation of gamma activity","volume":"17","author":"Voss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.9.10.1721","article-title":"Management of narcolepsy","volume":"9","author":"Bhat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.29","article-title":"Treatment of narcolepsy","volume":"9","author":"Didato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.12.42","article-title":"The use of sodium oxybate to treat narcolepsy","volume":"15","author":"Mayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018112204071528900_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1517\/14728210903559852","article-title":"Emerging treatments for narcolepsy and its related disorders","volume":"15","author":"Nishino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"}],"container-title":["Sleep"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/38\/5\/787\/26671751\/aasm.38.5.787.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T18:51:36Z","timestamp":1717872696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/38\/5\/787\/2416994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.4676","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]}}}