{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:19:30Z","timestamp":1787761170845,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAR T-cell therapy has significantly improved the outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory (R\/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). However, most clinical trials excluded patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement due to uncertain efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On January 1, 2022, we searched PubMed to identify all published literature associated with current commercial CAR T-cell therapies for B-NHL, including tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi- cel), brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel), and lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel). Studies that involved patients with either primary or secondary CNS lymphoma, and evaluated response rate, adverse events (AEs), or survival were included and summarized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Herein, we summarize the results of 11 studies qualified for our inclusion criteria, reporting 58 lymphoma patients with CNS Involvement with 44 evaluable for clinical response, 25 for immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and 48 for Cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Objective response was achieved in 62% (16\/26) of patients, and CR was achieved in 52% (23\/44) of patients. Forty-four percent (11\/25) developed ICANS, and 35% (17\/48) developed severe ICANS (grade\u22653). CRS was reported in 63% (15\/24) of patients, while severe CRS (grade&gt;3) was reported in 7% (3\/42) of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on our PubMed literature review, we conclude that CAR T-cell therapy may benefit patients with CNS lymphoma with promising response rates and acceptable AE. However, definite conclusions cannot be drawn until data with a larger sample size is available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.56875\/2589-0646.1024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T05:28:11Z","timestamp":1671686891000},"page":"66-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapies in Lymphoma Patients with Central Nervous System Involvement"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dongni","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Gergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"Elgohary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingmei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usama","family":"Gergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804980","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"380","author":"Schuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30864-7","article-title":"Long-term safety and activity of axi- cabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1-2 trial","volume":"20","author":"Locke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol Jan"},{"key":"R4-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31366-0","article-title":"Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study","volume":"396","author":"Abramson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Sep"},{"key":"R5-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz150","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2012-2016","volume":"21","author":"Ostrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"R6-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0205-x","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier and blood-tumour barrier in brain tumours and metastases","volume":"20","author":"Arvanitis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer Jan"},{"key":"R7-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23648","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in health and disease","volume":"72","author":"Daneman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol Nov"},{"key":"R8-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0838-y","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel CD19 CAR-T cell therapy results in high rates of systemic and neurologic remissions in ten patients with refractory large B cell lymphoma including two with HIV and viral hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Abbasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R9-1-20241211","first-page":"860","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel CAR T-cell therapy in secondary CNS lymphoma","volume":"134","author":"Frigault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Sep 12"},{"key":"R10-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2021.07.002","article-title":"Real-world experience of axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel for relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas: a single-institution experience","volume":"21","author":"Ghafouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia Dec"},{"key":"R11-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-020-01099-4","article-title":"Axicabtagene Ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed\/refractory secondary CNS non-Hodgkin lymphoma: comparable out-comes and toxicities, but shorter remissions may warrant alternative consolidative strategies?","volume":"56","author":"Ghafouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant Apr"},{"key":"R12-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa183","article-title":"Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for lymphoma: predictive biomarkers and clinical outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Holtzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"R13-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02103","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel in the non-trial setting: outcomes and correlates of response, resistance, and toxicity","volume":"38","author":"Jacobson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R14-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002783","article-title":"Clinical activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in adult patients with Richter syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Kittai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv Oct 13"},{"key":"R15-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02104","article-title":"Standard-of-care axicabtagene ciloleucel for relapsed or refractory large B-Cell lymphoma: results from the US lymphoma CAR T Consortium","volume":"38","author":"Nastoupil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Sep 20"},{"key":"R16-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.09.006","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in lymphoma with secondary central nervous system involvement","volume":"94","author":"Novo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Nov"},{"key":"R17-1-20241211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002228","article-title":"Clinical and radiologic correlates of neurotoxicity after axicabtagene ciloleucel in large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"4","author":"Strati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv Aug 25"}],"container-title":["Hematology\/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.56875\/2589-0646.1024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:25:21Z","timestamp":1787757921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.56875\/2589-0646.1024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56875\/2589-0646.1024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-3876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-3876","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}