{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:04:36Z","timestamp":1774929876063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Digital Journal of Opthalmology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digit J Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>PurposeTo evaluate the incidence, clinical course, and treatment outcomes of glaucoma surgery\u2013related infections at a tertiary academic center over a 13-year time period.\nMethods Patients presenting at Duke Eye Center between January 1, 2010, and November 11, 2023, who underwent glaucoma surgery, including trabeculectomy, glaucoma drainage device (GDD) placement, GDD revision surgery, trabeculectomy bleb revision surgery, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), Xen gel stent implantation, and cycloablative procedures, were identified using an electronic medical record clinical database search. Diagnosis of blebitis, bleb-associated endophthalmitis, and tube malposition or tube exposure were determined using International Classification of Disease (9th and 10th editions) codes.\nResults A total of 12,115 glaucoma surgeries (in 6,684 patients) were identified during the study period. GDD implantation comprised the majority of glaucoma surgeries (33%), followed by trabeculectomy (with and without Ex-PRESS mini glaucoma shunt) (25.7%), GDD revision (8.9%), trabeculectomy bleb revision (8.6%), and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (5.9%). There were 488 MIGS with and without phacoemulsification (4%) and 76 Xen gel stent surgeries (0.6%). Endophthalmitis was diagnosed in 18 eyes (0.96%) that underwent trabeculectomy, 11 eyes that underwent GDD implantation (0.20%), and 1 eye that underwent Xen stent implantation. Blebitis was diagnosed in 7 eyes: 5 were related to trabeculectomy (0.27%), and 2 were related to GDD placement (0.05%). The incidence of GDD malposition or erosion was 10.2%. No cases of endophthalmitis were diagnosed in patients with MIGS.\nConclusions In our study cohort, infectious complications associated with trabeculectomy and GDD implant surgery were low; there were no cases of endophthalmitis associated with MIGS. The rate of GDD complications due to tube malposition or erosion was 10.2%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5693\/djo.01.2025.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:45:19Z","timestamp":1774925119000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complications following incisional glaucoma surgery, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, and cycloablative procedures: a 13-year retrospective review"],"prefix":"10.5693","author":[{"given":"Modupe O.","family":"Adetunji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0103-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jullia A.","family":"Rosdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3822","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"23214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng CX, Moster MR, Khan MA, et al. 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Postoperative complications in the Ahmed Baerveldt comparison study during five years of follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol 2016;163:75-82.e3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.11.023"},{"key":"23241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christakis PG, Kalenak JW, Tsai JC, et al. The Ahmed versus Baerveldt study. Ophthalmology 2016;123:2093-102.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.06.035"},{"key":"23242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardakli N, Friedman DS, Boland MV. Unplanned return to the operating room after tube shunt surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2021;229:242-52.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.05.010"},{"key":"23243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinod K, Gedde SJ. Safety profile of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2021;32:160-8.","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000731"},{"key":"23244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves AC, Grosinger AJ, Ten Hulzen RD, Stewart MW, Dorairaj SK. Endophthalmitis following combined cataract extraction and placement of an iStent trabecular bypass device. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020;20:100830.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2020.100830"},{"key":"23245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starr MR, Huang D, Israilevich RN, et al. Endophthalmitis after minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Ophthalmology 2021;128:1777-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.06.004"},{"key":"23246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabharwal J, Dai X, Dun C, et al. Early endophthalmitis incidence and risk factors after glaucoma surgery in the Medicare population from 2016 to 2019. Ophthalmology 2023;131:S0161642023006656.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.09.008"},{"key":"23247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traverso CE, Carassa RG, Fea AM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of Xen gel stent in glaucoma surgery: a systematic review of the literature. 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