{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T11:41:05Z","timestamp":1788090065156,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Digital Journal of Opthalmology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digit J Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapies, though known for their anti-inflammatory effects, have been associated with paradoxical inflammatory reactions, of which anterior uveitis is the most common. We report a case of recurrent bilateral cicatricial conjunctivitis linked to systemic adalimumab (ADA) treatment in a 66-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The patient experienced worsening bilateral red eyes, blurry vision, and discomfort following each ADA injection. Examination revealed signs of cicatricial inflammation, which responded to corticosteroids but recurred after subsequent ADA doses. Despite these ocular events, adalimumab was continued due to its effective control of systemic RA, with close ophthalmic monitoring. This case suggests a potential direct association between ADA and cicatricial conjunctivitis, a previously undescribed complication. Aggressive topical corticosteroid treatment may allow the continuation of ADA without compromising systemic disease control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5693\/djo.02.2025.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T02:45:08Z","timestamp":1774838708000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recurrent acute bilateral cicatricial conjunctivitis as an adverse event of systemic adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.5693","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4242-8983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artemis","family":"Matsou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sokratis","family":"Zormpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diandra","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrenna","family":"McElvanney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3822","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"23186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicolela Susanna F, Pavesio C. 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Ocular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis\u2014different forms and frequency. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2010;10:323-7.","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2010.2680"},{"key":"23197","unstructured":"Puxeddu I, Caltran E, Rocchi V, Del Corso I, Tavoni A, Migliorini P. Hypersensitivity reactions during treatment with biological agents. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2016;34:129-32."},{"key":"23198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim LL, Fraunfelder FW, Rosenbaum JT. Do tumor necrosis factor inhibitors cause uveitis? A registry-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:3248-52.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22918"},{"key":"23199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seve P, Varron L, Broussolle C, Denis P, Kodjikian L. Sarcoid-related uveitis occurring during adalimumab therapy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012;20:59-60.","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2011.623213"},{"key":"23200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matet A, Daruich A, Beydoun T, Cosnes J, Bourges JL. 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