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The prevalence of mental disorders in non\u2010maltreated participants was 21.6% (95% CI, 19.9\u201323.3%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0851). This increased to 36.2% (95% CI, 33.5\u201338.9%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0764) for those who experienced a single type of maltreatment and 54.8% (95% CI, 52.6\u201356.9%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01991) for participants who experienced multi\u2010type maltreatment. Compared with non\u2010maltreated Australians, maltreated participants had about three times the odds of any mental disorder (odds ratio [OR], 2.82; 95% CI, 2.47\u20133.22), generalised anxiety disorder (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 2.48\u20133.97), major depressive disorder (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 2.68\u20133.80) and severe alcohol use disorder (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.83\u20133.76), and almost five times the odds of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (OR, 4.60; 95% CI, 3.00\u20137.07). Associations between experiences of child maltreatment and mental disorders were strongest for sexual abuse, emotional abuse and multi\u2010type maltreatment. The strength of the associations did not differ by gender. Adjustment for childhood and current financial hardship and for current socio\u2010economic status did not significantly attenuate the associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mental disorders are significantly more likely to occur in individuals who experience child maltreatment, particularly multi\u2010type maltreatment. Prevention of child maltreatment provides an opportunity to substantially reduce the prevalence of mental illness and improve the health of the Australian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T14:01:35Z","timestamp":1680444095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["The association between child maltreatment and mental disorders in the Australian Child Maltreatment Study"],"prefix":"10.5694","volume":"218","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0744-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James G","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, the University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD"},{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane 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