{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:01:25Z","timestamp":1792004485878,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014113","name":"Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014113","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Journal of Australia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia during the second and third years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic, overall and by occupation group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, setting, participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal cohort study of health and aged care workers (ambulance, hospitals, primary care, residential aged care) in Victoria: May\u2013July 2021 (survey 1), October\u2013December 2021 (survey 2), and May\u2013June 2022 (survey 3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proportions of respondents (adjusted for age, gender, socio\u2010economic status) reporting moderate to severe symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire\u20109, PHQ\u20109), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, GAD\u20107), or post\u2010traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale\u20106, IES\u20106), burnout (abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, aMBI), or high optimism (10\u2010point visual analogue scale); mean scores (adjusted for age, gender, socio\u2010economic status) for wellbeing (Personal Wellbeing Index\u2013Adult, PWI\u2010A) and resilience (Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 2, CD\u2010RISC\u20102).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1667 people responded to at least one survey (survey 1, 989; survey 2, 1153; survey 3, 993; response rate, 3.3%). Overall, 1211 survey responses were from women (72.6%); most respondents were hospital workers (1289, 77.3%) or ambulance staff (315, 18.9%). The adjusted proportions of respondents who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression (survey 1, 16.4%; survey 2, 22.6%; survey 3, 19.2%), anxiety (survey 1, 8.8%; survey 2, 16.0%; survey 3, 11.0%), or post\u2010traumatic stress (survey 1, 14.6%; survey 2, 35.1%; survey 3, 14.9%) were each largest for survey 2. The adjusted proportions of participants who reported moderate to severe symptoms of burnout were higher in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1, and the proportions who reported high optimism were smaller in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1. Adjusted mean scores for wellbeing and resilience were similar at surveys 2 and 3 and lower than at survey 1. The magnitude but not the patterns of change differed by occupation group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Burnout was more frequently reported and mean wellbeing and resilience scores were lower in mid\u20102022 than in mid\u20102021 for Victorian health and aged care workers who participated in our study. Evidence\u2010based mental health and wellbeing programs for workers in health care organisations are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000533897 (observational study; retrospective).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T01:19:30Z","timestamp":1681089570000},"page":"361-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia, May 2021 \u2013 June 2022: a longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.5694","volume":"218","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5725-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L","family":"McGuinness","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Health  Melbourne VIC"},{"name":"Monash 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