{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:41:29Z","timestamp":1789800089612,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Journal of Australia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Neurological symptoms are not uncommon during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection and reflect a broad spectrum of neurological disorders of which clinicians should be aware.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The underlying pathogenesis of neurological disease in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) may be due to four mechanisms of nervous system dysfunction and injury: i) direct viral neurological invasion; ii) immune dysregulation; iii) endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy; and iv) severe systemic COVID\u201019 disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Neurological manifestations of acute COVID\u201019 include headache, peripheral neuropathies, seizures, encephalitis, Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome, and cerebrovascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Commonly reported long term neurological sequelae of COVID\u201019 are cognitive dysfunction and dysautonomia, which despite being associated with severe acute disease are also seen in people with mild disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Assessment of cognitive dysfunction after COVID\u201019 is confounded by a high prevalence of comorbid fatigue, anxiety, and mood disorders. However, other markers of neuroaxonal breakdown suggest no significant neuronal injury apart from during severe acute COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The long term impact of COVID\u201019 on neurological diseases remains uncertain and requires ongoing vigilance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:57:36Z","timestamp":1692665856000},"page":"230-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prevalence, pathogenesis and spectrum of neurological symptoms in <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 and <scp>post\u2010COVID<\/scp>\u201019 syndrome: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.5694","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Robb","family":"Wesselingh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"},{"name":"Alfred Hospital  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