{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:21:04Z","timestamp":1792722064130,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004856","name":"New York State Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Journal of Australia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the proportion of people in New South Wales towns at high risk of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections during the 2022 outbreak; to identify risk factors for JEV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional serosurvey study of the seroprevalence of JEV\u2010specific antibodies in NSW.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting, participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Convenience sample of people (all ages) from five regional NSW towns deemed to be at high risk of JEV infections after first outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in southeastern Australia in early 2022 (Balranald, Corowa, Dubbo, Griffith, Temora), 21 June \u2013 22 July 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proportion of people seropositive for JEV total antibody, assayed by defined epitope\u2010blocking enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay; prevalence odds ratios for exposure risk factors and protective behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty of 917 eligible participants (559 girls or women, 61%; 42 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, 4.6%; median age, 52 years [IQR, 37\u201362 years]) were seropositive for JEV\u2010specific total antibody (8.7%); the median age of seropositive people was 61 years (IQR, 48\u201370 years). The seropositivity proportion was largest for people aged 65 years or more (30 of 192; weighted proportion, 13.7%) and larger for male than female participants (30 of 358, 10.6% <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 50 of 559, 7.5%). Five of 42 samples from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants were seropositive (12%). We found mixed associations with a range of potential risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found evidence for a substantial number of JEV infections in five regional NSW towns during a single arbovirus season in 2022. Public health responses, including effective surveillance, vaccination against JEV, and mosquito management, are critical for controlling outbreaks. Promoting behaviours that reduce exposure to mosquitoes is a core component of prevention, particularly when the vaccine supply is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T23:50:30Z","timestamp":1717113030000},"page":"561-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The seroprevalence of antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus in five New South Wales towns at high risk of infection, 2022: a cross\u2010sectional serosurvey"],"prefix":"10.5694","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University  Canberra ACT"},{"name":"Hunter New England Local Health District  Newcastle NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hueston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIDMLS Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Roberts\u2010Witteveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern and Murrumbidgee Local Health District  Goulburn NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western New South Wales Local Health District  Dubbo NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meru","family":"Sheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health University of Sydney  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noni","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Archana","family":"Koirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District  Penrith NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine","family":"Macartney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New South Wales Department of Health  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New South Wales Department of Health  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keira M","family":"Glasgow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New South Wales Department of Health  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Japanese encephalitis. 9 May 2019.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/japanese\u2010encephalitis(viewed Nov 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Department of Health and Aged Care.People who live or work on the outer islands of Torres Strait are recommended to receive JE vaccine. 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