{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:46:46Z","timestamp":1791380806888,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Journal of Australia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the impact of breathlessness on quality of life, health care use, productivity loss, and economic costs in Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>National internet\u2010based survey of Australian adults drawn from a web\u2010based survey panel (National Breathlessness Survey).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants, setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian adults (18 years or older), nationally representative by age group, gender, state of residence, and postcode\u2010based socio\u2010economic status (Index of\u00a0Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage quintile), 13\u201330 October\u00a02019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quality of life assessed with the EQ\u20105D 5\u2010level version (EQ\u20105D\u20105L) and visual analogue scale (EQ\u2010VAS), health care use, productivity loss, and societal cost, each by severity of breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] dyspnoea scale; mMRC grade 1: mild breathlessness; mMRC grades 2\u20134: clinically important breathlessness).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 10\u2009072 adults who completed the survey, mild breathlessness was reported by 3044 respondents (30.2%), and clinically important breathlessness by 961 (9.5%). The mean EQ\u2010VAS score was 74.8 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.3\u201375.3 points) and the mean EQ\u20105D\u20105L score 0.846 (95% CI, 0.841\u20130.850) for respondents with mMRC grade 0 breathlessness; for each measure, the mean value declined with increasing severity of breathlessness (trends: each <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Respondents with clinically important breathlessness were more likely than those with mild breathlessness to report non\u2010urgent general practitioner visits, urgent general practitioner visits, and specialist visits (exception: mMRC scores of 4) during the preceding year. Among the 2839 respondents of working age, the likelihood of being employed declined with increasing breathlessness severity (mMRC grades 4 <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 1: adjusted odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.22\u20130.53). Adjusted mean annual societal cost per person was $1413 (95% CI, $1326\u20131501) for respondents with mMRC grade 1 breathlessness, $2065 (95% CI, $1766\u20132365) at mMRC grade 2, $1795 (95% CI, $1371\u20132218) at mMRC grade 3, and $2075 (95% CI, $1389\u20132762) at mMRC grade 4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breathlessness imposes major burdens on individuals, the health care system, and the economy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T09:21:49Z","timestamp":1724836909000},"page":"324-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The health and economic burden of breathlessness, Australia, 2019: a national survey"],"prefix":"10.5694","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2257-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony P","family":"Sunjaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne M","family":"Poulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5470-3567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Luca","family":"Di Tanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland  Manno Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health the University of Sydney  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy B","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Local Health District  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"Liverpool Hospital  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6695-6350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen K","family":"Reddel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"Sydney Local Health District  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"Macquarie Medical School Macquarie University  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2717-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine R","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health  Sydney NSW"},{"name":"The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6914"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00001714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00415-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15325"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2020.1868420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-01861-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.National Health Survey: first results 2017\u201318 (cat. no. 4364.0.55.001). 12 Dec 2018.https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/health\/health\u2010conditions\u2010and\u2010risks\/national\u2010health\u2010survey\/2017\u201018(viewed July 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Index of Relative Socio\u2010economic Disadvantage (IRSD). 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