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The opioid\u2010related ED presentation rate for the opioid group had been increasing prior to the intervention, but declined after its introduction at a rate not significantly different from that of the control group. The immediate change in non\u2010opioid substance\u2010related ED presentation rate was greater for the opioid group than the control group (\u03b2, 11.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.7\u201320.5] presentations per 100\u2009000 patients); by 31 March 2022, the rate had declined to below the pre\u2010intervention level. Differences between groups in changes to self\u2010harm\u2010 and mental health\u2010related presentations, and in all hospital admission rates, were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following implementation of two prescription opioid supply\u2010restricting polices in 2020, the opioid\u2010related ED presentation rate declined among people prescribed opioids; the non\u2010opioid substance\u2010related presentation rate initially increased, but was lower than the pre\u2010intervention level by the end of the study period. Our findings suggest that some opioid\u2010restricting policies can reduce opioid\u2010related harm without increasing long term non\u2010opioid substance\u2010 or mental health\u2010related harm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>European post\u2010authorisation study register (EUROPAS), EUPAS104005 (prospective).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T03:45:25Z","timestamp":1750909525000},"page":"134-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prescription opioid supply\u2010restricting policies and hospital use by people prescribed opioid medications, Victoria, 2018\u201322: a controlled interrupted time series analysis"],"prefix":"10.5694","volume":"223","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Picco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bosco","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"},{"name":"Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre Eastern Health  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4846-2840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine E","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"},{"name":"National Centre for Healthy Ageing  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8612-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taya A","family":"Collyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"},{"name":"National Centre for Healthy Ageing  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samanta","family":"Lalic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"},{"name":"Monash Health  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachelle","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outcome Health  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Simon","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan I","family":"Lubman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"},{"name":"Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre Eastern Health  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5033-6248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00013-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Department of Health Disability and Ageing.National real time prescription monitoring (RTPM). 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