{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T06:18:20Z","timestamp":1776838700296,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Journal of Australia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the cumulative incidence of overall and cause\u2010specific mortality among Queensland residents admitted to hospital with cirrhosis during 2007\u201322, by cirrhosis aetiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study; analysis of linked Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection and Queensland Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting, participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult Queensland residents (18 years or older) admitted to Queensland hospitals with cirrhosis during 1 July 2007 \u2013 31 December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten\u2010year mortality, all\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific (liver\u2010related, extrahepatic cancer, cardiovascular disease), by cirrhosis aetiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 22\u2009525 people were followed for a median of 6.9 years (interquartile range, 3.5\u201311.1 years). Their mean age at the index admission with cirrhosis was 61.2 years (standard deviation, 13.0 years), 14\u2009895 were men (66.1%), and the most frequent causes of cirrhosis were alcohol use (9550 people, 42.4%), metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD; 5108 people, 22.7%), and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (4780 people, 21.2%). A total of 12\u2009387 people (55.0%) had died by 31 December 2022; overall mortality among people with alcohol\u2010related cirrhosis was 57.9%, with MASLD cirrhosis 52.1%, and with HCV\u2010related cirrhosis 51.6%. The proportions of deaths attributed to liver disease were larger for people who experienced decompensation during follow\u2010up than those who did not (alcohol\u2010related cirrhosis: 2538 of 3890 deaths [65.2%]\n                      <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      523 of 1637 [31.9%]; HCV\u2010related cirrhosis: 1158 of 1714 deaths [67.6%]\n                      <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      331 of 753 [44.0%]). Ten\u2010year liver\u2010related mortality was highest among people with alcohol\u2010related cirrhosis (48.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 47.2\u201350.4%) or HCV\u2010related cirrhosis (44.3%; 95% CI, 42.3\u201346.3%); ten\u2010year extrahepatic cancer mortality (18.8%; 95% CI, 16.8\u201320.9%) and cardiovascular disease mortality (15.6%; 95% CI, 13.8\u201317.7%) were highest among people with MASLD cirrhosis. In multivariable competing risks regression analyses, people with MASLD cirrhosis were less likely than people with alcohol\u2010related cirrhosis to die of liver disease (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.51\u20130.60) and more likely to die of extrahepatic cancer (adjusted sHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04\u20131.41).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality among people who have been hospitalised with cirrhosis is high, and there is substantial variation in cause\u2010specific mortality by cirrhosis aetiology. Care for these patients could be improved by identifying chronic liver disease earlier, and by treating cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic malignancies in people with MASLD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.70036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T05:21:16Z","timestamp":1757568076000},"page":"473-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cause\u2010specific mortality among Queensland people with cirrhosis, by cirrhosis aetiology and decompensation status, 2007\u201322: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.5694","volume":"223","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6844-2361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikas","family":"Bhasker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer  Brisbane QLD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica R","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1821-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD"},{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital  Brisbane QLD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunter F","family":"Hartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer  Brisbane QLD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Skoien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brisbane and Woman\u2019s Hospital  Brisbane QLD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"O\u2019Beirne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunshine Coast University Hospital  Birtinya QLD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer  Brisbane QLD"},{"name":"The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD"},{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital  Brisbane QLD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8823-3006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia C","family":"Valery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer  Brisbane QLD"},{"name":"The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Causes of death Australia;2023. 10 Oct 2024.https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/health\/causes\u2010death\/causes\u2010death\u2010australia\/2023(viewed Oct 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Australian Burden of Disease Study 2023. 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