{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:56:12Z","timestamp":1790729772549,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Journal of Australia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We present a case of tetanus following a snakebite in Victoria, Australia. An otherwise healthy 58\u2010year\u2010old woman presented following suspected Tiger snake (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Notechis scutatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) bite with envenomation. She was not up\u2010to\u2010date with tetanus vaccination and was not offered a booster vaccination. She re\u2010presented 12\u2009days later with features consistent with tetanus infection and was treated with tetanus immunoglobulin and metronidazole with clinical improvement. Snakebites remain a risk for tetanus infection and the assessment of tetanus risk should be included within clinical guidelines for Australian healthcare settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.70308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:05:48Z","timestamp":1790726748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u2018Once Bitten\u2019: A Case of Tetanus Following Snakebite in Australia"],"prefix":"10.5694","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8553-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian A. S.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi N. E.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Huffam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5920-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille V.","family":"Awburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Athan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Therapeutic Guidelines","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare \u201cContact With Animals: Web Report \u201daccessed 28 December 2025 https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/injury\/contact\u2010with\u2010animals\/contents\/types\u2010of\u2010animals\/wildlife\u2010and\u2010venomous\u2010animals."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2006.078","article-title":"Snake Bite: A Current Approach to Management","volume":"29","author":"Isbister G. K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Australian Prescriber"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.03.008","article-title":"Incidence of Fatal Snake Bite in Australia: A Coronial Based Retrospective Study (2000\u20132016)","volume":"131","author":"Welton R. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2002)013[0256:TAWLGP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Tetanus After White\u2010Lipped Green Pit Viper (\n                     Trimeresurus albolabris\n                  ) Bite","volume":"13","author":"Suankratay C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5152\/cjm.2023.22103","article-title":"Childhood Tetanus Complicating Snakebite: A Case Report From a Semi\u2010Urban Area, Northwestern Nigeria","volume":"47","author":"Sanni U. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cerrahpasa Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12020263","article-title":"The Presence of Four Pathogenic Oral Bacterial Species in Six Wild Snake Species From Southern Taiwan: Associated Factors","volume":"12","author":"Lin W. H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548162","article-title":"Aerobic Oral Bacteria in Healthy Captive Snakes","volume":"27","author":"Soveri T.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00234-6","article-title":"Tetanus Complicating Snakebite in Northern Nigeria: Clinical Presentation and Public Health Implications","volume":"85","author":"Habib A. G.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"643","article-title":"Incremental Cost Effectiveness of Supplementary Immunization Activities to Prevent Neonatal Tetanus in Pakistan","volume":"82","author":"Griffiths K. U.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"The Australian Immunisation Handbook: Tetanus","author":"Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"Management of Snake Bite (Victoria)","author":"Victoria State Government, Safer Care Victoria","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"Therapeutic Guidelines","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"Clinical Practice Guidelines: Snakebite \u201cThe Royal Children's Hospital \u201d2018 accessed 13 July 2026 https:\/\/www.rch.org.au\/clinicalguide\/guideline_index\/Snakebite\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"Snakebite Management Guideline","author":"Government of Western Australia, WA Country Health Service","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Snakebite, Spiderbite and Marine Toxinology Management Clinical Guidelines","author":"South Australia Health","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Clinical Pathway for Non\u2010Envenomed Snake Bite","author":"Queensland Health, Queensland Poisons Information Centre","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"Snake and Spider Bites Clinical Management","author":"New South Wales Government, Agency for Clinical Innovation","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","volume-title":"Snake Bite Management\u2010 Adults and Paediatrics","author":"Australian Capital Territory Government, Canberra Health Services","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"Management of Suspected Snakebite in Victoria","author":"Austin Clinical Toxicology Service","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Tetanus","author":"Victoria State Government, Department of Health","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Tetanus","author":"Victoria State Government, Better Health Channel","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Medical Journal of Australia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5694\/mja2.70308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.5694\/mja2.70308","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5694\/mja2.70308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:05:57Z","timestamp":1790726757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.5694\/mja2.70308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5694\/mja2.70308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja2.70308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-729X","1326-5377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-729X","type":"print"},{"value":"1326-5377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70308"}}