{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:21:16Z","timestamp":1790907676419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang","award":["2020D04005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020D04005"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of the Central Government Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development","award":["ZYYD2023B09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYYD2023B09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["animbiosci.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Biosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of a hydroethanolic extract of walnut green husks (WGH) on rumen fermentation and the diversity of bacteria, methanogenic archaea, and fungi in sheep fed a high-concentrate diet.Methods: Five healthy small-tailed Han ewes with permanent rumen fistula were selected and housed in individual pens. This study adopted a self-controlled and crossover design with a control period and an experimental period. During the control period, the animals were fed a basal diet (with a ratio of concentrate to roughage of 65:35), while during the treatment period, the animals were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% hydroethanolic extract of WGH. Fermentation parameters, digestive enzyme activities, and microbial diversity in rumen fluid were analyzed.Results: Supplementation of hydroethanolic extract of WGH had no significant effect on feed intake, concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, isovalerate, ammonia nitrogen, and microbial protein (p&gt;0.05). However, the ruminal pH, concentrations of acetate, butyrate and isobutyrate, the ratio of acetate to propionate, protozoa count, and the activities of filter paper cellulase and cellobiase were significantly increased (p&lt;0.05), while concentrations of propionate and valerate were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05). Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of rumen bacteria &lt;i&gt;Christensenellaceae&lt;\/i&gt; R7 group, &lt;i&gt;Saccharofermentans&lt;\/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Ruminococcaceae&lt;\/i&gt; NK4A214 group were significantly increased, while &lt;i&gt;Ruminococcus gauvreauii&lt;\/i&gt; group, &lt;i&gt;Prevotella&lt;\/i&gt; 7 were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05). The relative abundance of the fungus &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;\/i&gt; significantly increased, while &lt;i&gt;Basidiomycota, Fusarium&lt;\/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Alternaria&lt;\/i&gt; significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05). However, there was no significant change in the community structure of methanogenic archaea.Conclusion: Supplementation of hydroethanolic extract of WGH to a high-concentrate diet improved the ruminal fermentation, altered the structure of ruminal bacterial and fungal communities, and exhibited beneficial effects in alleviating subacute rumen acidosis of sheep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.23.0213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T05:47:35Z","timestamp":1698904055000},"page":"655-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Rumen fermentation and microbial diversity of sheep fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with hydroethanolic extract of walnut green 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