{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:31:46Z","timestamp":1740184306332,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2020-RD009280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2020-RD009280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["animbiosci.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Biosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study evaluated the effects of increased levels of dietary total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein (CP) using protected fat (PF), soybean meal (SB), and heat-treated soybean meal (HSB) on performance, physiological parameters, and behavioral measurements of early-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress conditions.Methods: Thirty-six steers (480.9\u00b158.6 kg, 15.9\u00b11.4 months) were assigned to 4 treatments: control (TDN 75%, CP 15%, rumen degradable protein [RDP]:rumen undegradable protein [RUP] = 62:48); PF (TDN 82.5%, CP 15%, RDP:RUP = 62:48); PF+SB (TDN 82.5%, CP 16.5%, RDP:RUP = 62:48); and PF+SB+HSB (TDN 82.5%, CP 16.5%, RDP:RUP = 48:52) for a total of 16 weeks with division of 4 weeks. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) was 82.9 (1st; moderate), 76.9 (2nd; mild), 70.9 (3rd; comfort), and 65.8 (4th period; comfort).Results: Dry matter intake during whole period did not differ among treatments but decreased by 34% and 19%, respectively during 1st and 2nd compared to 4th. Average daily gain (ADG) of PF+SB+HSB was higher (p&lt;0.05) than that of control during the 1st period, and those of both PF+SB and PF+SB+HSB were higher (p&lt;0.05) than Control during the 2nd. The ADG during whole period was in the order of PF+SB+HSB (1.23), PF+SB (1.18), PF (1.11), control (0.98 kg\/d) (p&lt;0.05). As THI increased, rectal temperature and all blood parameters increased, while blood glucose levels decreased (p&lt;0.05). Behavioral changes during 1st period compared to 3rd included decreases in lying (24%), walking (48%), and eating (40%), and increases in total standing (50%) and drinking (43%) (p&lt;0.05). Rumination during standing was 38% higher, and rumination during lying was 32% lower (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrates 10% of increased levels of dietary TDN using PF and CP considering RUP can prevent performance reduction in early-fattening of heatstressed Hanwoo steers and have positive effects on performance recovery from post-heat stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.24.0236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T05:34:15Z","timestamp":1729748055000},"page":"278-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary effects of protected fat, soybean meal, and heat-treated soybean meal on performance, physiological parameters, and behavioral measurements of early-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress 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