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The probiotic group comprised seven strains of lactic acid bacteria (MLAB): Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus pentosus, Weissella cibaria, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Each strain was included in equal concentrations, resulting in a final liquid mixture containing 109 colony forming units\/mL. The MLAB group received the probiotics orally starting from 7 days of age until weaning at four weeks. Following weaning, supplementation continued via feed spraying for an additional four weeks.Results: MLAB supplementation did not significantly affect piglet performance but showed a trend towards reducing the mortality rate (p = 0.06). It influenced the inflammatory response by upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 (p&lt;0.05). Microbial community analysis indicated that MLAB supplementation increased both microbial diversity (Simpson index: p = 0.06) and species richness (Chao1 index: p = 0.02). Piglets receiving MLAB had a significantly higher abundance of the phylum Firmicutes (p&lt;0.01) compared to the control group, while the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota was markedly reduced (p&lt;0.01). In addition, the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Prevotellaceae_NK3B31 (p&lt;0.01) and Chlamydia (p = 0.03) was lower in the MLAB group.Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that while MLAB supplementation does not directly improve piglet growth performance, it has the potential to improve immune function and promote a healthier gut microbiota in weaning piglets, which could ultimately reduce mortality rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.24.0556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T03:25:47Z","timestamp":1730085947000},"page":"717-727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of host-specific and locally isolated multi-strain probiotics on piglet performance, mortality, inflammatory response, and gut 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