{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:46:11Z","timestamp":1790145971463,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009591","name":"North Carolina Agricultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"USDA-NIFA Hatch"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["animbiosci.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Biosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) in nursery pig diets with enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM), fermented soybean meal (FSBM), or fermented soybean meal containing probiotic microorganism (PFSBM) on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, immune responses, intestinal morphology, and growth performance of nursery pigs.Methods: Forty-eight weaned pigs (initial body weight = 7.8 \u00b1 0.7 kg) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design and fed for 25 d in three phases (5, 10, and 12 d, respectively). Dietary treatments were corn-SBM-based diet (SBM diet) and the SBM diet in which 70 g\/kg of SBM was replaced with ESBM (ESBM diet), FSBM (FSBM diet), or PFSBM (PFSBM diet). Zinc oxide was supplemented at 2.5 g\/kg (2,000 mg\/kg of zinc) in the experimental diets for phases 1 and 2. Pigs were housed individually in pens (1.50 m\u00d70.74 m) equipped with a feeder and a nipple drinker. Serum was collected on d 24 and pigs were euthanized on d 27 to collect tissues and mucosa in the jejunum.Results: The PFSBM diet increased (p&lt;0.05) the relative abundance of &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;\/i&gt;, whereas it tended to decrease (p = 0.072) the abundance of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;\/i&gt; compared with the SBM diet. The ESBM diet increased (p&lt;0.05) gain to feed ratio from d 5 to 15 compared with the SBM diet. However, partially replacing SBM at 70 g\/kg with ESBM, FSBM, or PFSBM did not affect immune responses in serum and jejunal mucosa, intestinal morphology in the jejunum, and overall growth performance of nursery pigs.Conclusion: Partially replacing SBM with various processed SBM did not affect immune responses, intestinal morphology, and overall growth performance when diets were supplemented with zinc at pharmacological level in early phases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.24.0767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T05:01:46Z","timestamp":1740632506000},"page":"1719-1732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative effects of replacing soybean meal in feeds with processed soybean meal on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs when fed pharmacological level of 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