{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T03:42:20Z","timestamp":1785469340160,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32202697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Fund of Henan University of Technology","award":["2022ZKCJ17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZKCJ17"]}]},{"name":"Henan University of Technology 2023 Youth Backbone Teacher Training Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["animbiosci.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Biosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study evaluated the effects of glutamic acid (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) on the intestinal development of layer chicks with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage.Methods: A total of 240 healthy 0-d-old Hy-Line Brown chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, each with 6 replicates. At 8 and 11 d of age, all birds (except for the control group) received two administrations of LPS. The LPS-challenged birds were divided into three dietary treatment groups: a basal diet (without additives), a 0.05% Glu-supplemented diet, and a 0.20% Gln-supplemented diet.Results: The LPS challenge induced intestinal injury and suppressed intestinal development in layer chicks, as evidenced by reduced growth performance, poor intestinal parameters, and morphology (p&lt;0.05). Compared to the LPS group, dietary supplementation with 0.05% Glu and 0.20% Gln enhanced average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, body weight (BW), and intestinal development parameters (including length, weight, villus height, and villus height\/crypt depth) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p&lt;0.05). These results could be attributed to upregulated mRNA expression levels of Mucin-2, Ecadherin, Dclk-1, Vil-1, Lysozyme, ChgA, Lgr-5, Bmi-1, ATP5F1AZ, and \u03b2-catenin (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 0.20% Gln outperformed 0.05% Glu in enhancing BW, ADG, and ileum parameters (weight, length, epithelial cell count, and energy metabolism) (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, intestinal organoids supplemented with 10 \u03bcM Gln had higher mean area, E-cadherin gene expression, and ATP content compared with those treated with 5 \u03bcM Glu in vitro (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with 0.05% Glu and 0.20% Gln could improve growth performance, intestinal development, and repair intestinal damage in layer chicks through enhanced epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, 0.20% Gln performed better than 0.05% Glu, which may be attributed to superior energy metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.25.0445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T01:26:13Z","timestamp":1759195573000},"page":"250445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative study on the effects of glutamic acid and glutamine in promoting intestinal development in chicks through energy metabolism"],"prefix":"10.5713","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4923-9379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peiyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-0422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yaoming","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2662-3431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6439-4829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-2546","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junquan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-2039","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liping","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9451-2469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linna","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1147-9761","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0555-1295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guohao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-6607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junjun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3683","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00091"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102795"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev104"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01488"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27462S"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex394"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-635x1703355-362"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfz095"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2012.738214"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes9080312"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.978S"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2003000200002"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2018.1520113"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(02)00285-8"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex444"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74754-x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101642"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1287899"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aro2.71"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey010"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey123"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.12.005"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12172168"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2022.100693"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020504"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12131729"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.007"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2023.05.012"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.018"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06196"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271651"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex085"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0070-2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118857109"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12599"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63151-z"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey084"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/567305"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.08.052"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.146589"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020253"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c01332"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO03065D"}],"container-title":["Animal Bioscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/animbiosci.org\/upload\/pdf\/ab-25-0445.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/animbiosci.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5713\/ab.25.0445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/animbiosci.org\/upload\/pdf\/ab-25-0445.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T05:41:26Z","timestamp":1770097286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/animbiosci.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5713\/ab.25.0445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/ab.25.0445","relation":{},"ISSN":["2765-0189","2765-0235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2765-0189","type":"print"},{"value":"2765-0235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}