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After a 14-day adaptation period, the daily feed intake of Gangba sheep was measured. Fecal samples were collected during the last 7 days of the trial, and serum and rumen fluid were sampled on the final day.Results: CSB improved final body weight, average daily dry matter intake, and average daily gain while reducing the feed conversion ratio of Gangba sheep (p&lt;0.05). In addition, CSB improved the apparent digestibility of crude protein, dry matter, and neutral detergent fiber (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, CSB increased serum immunoglobulin G levels while decreasing tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 levels (p&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, CSB increased serum growth hormone-releasing hormone levels (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, CSB increased rumen fluid pH and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acids, as well as activities of lipase and butyrate kinase (p&lt;0.05). Besides, CSB enhanced the rumen microbiota structure by increasing the relative abundance of Fibrobacter, unclassified Oscillospiraceae, and Ruminococcus.Conclusion: CSB improved immunological and hormone indicators, enhanced the rumen ecological environment, and increased feed digestibility and utilization, thereby promoting the growth of Gangba sheep. It is recommended to use a dosage of 5.0 g\/kg dry matter for optimal growth performance and health benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.250681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:48:30Z","timestamp":1773809310000},"page":"250681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of chemically protected sodium butyrate on growth performance, serum indicators, rumen fermentation parameters, and microbiota of Gangba sheep"],"prefix":"10.5713","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8983-7169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yining","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 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