{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:38:55Z","timestamp":1792633135769,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["animbiosci.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim Biosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"Objective: Deer antler peptides (DAPs) are well documented for their potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, although their efficacy in alleviating pathogen-induced intestinal infections mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of DAPs against <i>Salmonella<\/i>-induced intestinal inflammation and associated tissue injury, while elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved.Methods: Primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from wild-type (WT) and NRF2 knockout (<i>nrf2<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/i>) mice were infected with <i>Salmonella<\/i>; concurrently, we established a murine model of <i>Salmonella<\/i>-induced intestinal inflammation by infecting WT and <i>nrf2<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/i> mice. Using both <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>in vivo<\/i> systems, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of DAPs during <i>Salmonella<\/i> infection.Results: <i>In vitro<\/i>, the results demonstrated that DAPs significantly inhibited the <i>Salmonella<\/i>- induced production of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6, the activation of MAPK signaling pathway, GSDMD- mediated pyroptosis, and excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation. Mechanistically, DAPs activate the NRF2 signaling pathway by promoting nuclear translocation and the transcriptional upregulation of HO-1 and NQO-1. The genetic deletion of NRF2 substantially attenuated the protective effects of DAPs against inflammation, pyroptosis, and oxidative stress, thus confirming the dependence of this mechanism on this pathway. <i>In vivo<\/i>, DAPs significantly reduced intestinal histopathological changes, epithelial barrier disruption, pyroptosis, and oxidative damage in WT mice, however these protective effects were markedly diminished in <i>nrf2<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/i> mice. Notably, DAPs significantly reduced colonic bacterial loads in both WT and <i>nrf2<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/i> mice while concurrently suppressing pyroptosis. Our findings indicate that DAPs may exert antibacterial effects through a mechanism independent of both NRF2 activation and the NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.Conclusion: Our findings reveal DAPs function as multi-modal regulators that coordinately suppress inflammation, pyroptosis, and oxidative stress through NRF2 activation during <i>Salmonella<\/i> infection, and provides mechanistic insights and a translational basis for the application of animal-derived peptides in the treatment of infectious intestinal disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.260612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:44:16Z","timestamp":1788245056000},"page":"260612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deer antler peptides attenuate inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis in Salmonella-infected macrophages and murine colonic tissues"],"prefix":"10.5713","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3803-8084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deshou","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2976-7426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haihua","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2391-4871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zihui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1478-7194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yukai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4990-5138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2803-1378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fuquan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2543-4396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8284-0449","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3683","container-title":["Animal Bioscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/animbiosci.org\/upload\/pdf\/ab-260612.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/animbiosci.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5713\/ab.260612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/animbiosci.org\/upload\/pdf\/ab-260612.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:47:21Z","timestamp":1792630041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/animbiosci.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5713\/ab.260612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/ab.260612","relation":{},"ISSN":["2765-0189","2765-0235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2765-0189","type":"print"},{"value":"2765-0235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-11-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}