{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:42:23Z","timestamp":1792096943409,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]],"date-time":"2019-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajas.info"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian-Australas J Anim Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers.Methods: A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4\u00b10.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize.Results: The content of fat acidity value was higher (p&lt;0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p&lt;0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p&lt;0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p&lt;0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH\/crypt depth (CD) (p&lt;0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH\/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid \u03b1-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;\/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt; titer on d 21 decreased (p&lt;0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p&lt;0.05) serum interferon-\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p&lt;0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p&lt;0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42.Conclusion: Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.19.0224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]],"date-time":"2019-08-03T08:16:00Z","timestamp":1564820160000},"page":"605-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity in broilers"],"prefix":"10.5713","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-6046","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. 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