{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:52:56Z","timestamp":1781931176814,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Association for Natural Language Processing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Natural Language Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5715\/jnlp.33.989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T22:11:45Z","timestamp":1781475105000},"page":"989-1026","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case-Based Decision-Theoretic Decoding","\u4e8b\u4f8b\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u5fa9\u53f7"],"prefix":"10.5715","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NTT, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTT, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3685","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, H., Desai, K., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Jain, R., Johnson, M., Batra, D., Parikh, D., Lee, S., and Anderson, P. (2019). \u201cnocaps: Novel Object Captioning at Scale.\u201d In <i>Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision<\/i>, pp. 8948\u20138957.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00904"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aharoni, R., and Goldberg, Y. (2020). \u201cUnsupervised Domain Clusters in Pretrained Language Models.\u201d In Jurafsky, D., Chai, J., Schluter, N., and Tetreault, J. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, pp. 7747\u20137763, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.692"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"Alon, U., Xu, F., He, J., Sengupta, S., Roth, D., and Neubig, G. (2022). \u201cNeuro-Symbolic Language Modeling with Automaton-augmented Retrieval.\u201d In <i>International Conference on Machine Learning<\/i>, pp. 468\u2013485. PMLR."},{"key":"4","unstructured":"Brown, P. F., Cocke, J., Della Pietra, S. A., Della Pietra, V. J., Jelinek, F., Lafferty, J. D., Mercer, R. L., and Roossin, P. S. (1990). \u201cA Statistical Approach to Machine Translation.\u201d <i>Computational Linguistics<\/i>, <b>16<\/b> (2), pp. 79\u201385."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulte, B., and Tezcan, A. (2019). \u201cNeural Fuzzy Repair: Integrating Fuzzy Matches into Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Korhonen, A., Traum, D., and M\u00e0rquez, L. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, pp. 1800\u20131809, Florence, Italy. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1175"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, D., Wang, Y., Li, H., Lam, W., and Liu, L. (2021). \u201cNeural Machine Translation with Monolingual Translation Memory.\u201d In Zong, C., Xia, F., Li, W., and Navigli, R. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 7307\u20137318, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.567"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Z., Li, W., Li, S., and Wei, F. (2018). \u201cRetrieve, Rerank and Rewrite: Soft Template Based Neural Summarization.\u201d In Gurevych, I., and Miyao, Y. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 152\u2013161, Melbourne, Australia. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1015"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, J., and Vlachos, A. (2023). \u201cFaster Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding with Confidence-based Pruning.\u201d In Bouamor, H., Pino, J., and Bali, K. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing<\/i>, pp. 12473\u201312480, Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.767"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conte, A., Hey, J. D., and Moffatt, P. G. (2011). \u201cMixture Models of Choice under Risk.\u201d <i>Journal of Econometrics<\/i>, <b>162<\/b> (1), pp. 79\u201388.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2009.10.011"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"Daheim, N., Meister, C., M\u00f6llenhoff, T., and Gurevych, I. (2025). \u201cUncertainty-Aware Decoding with Minimum Bayes Risk.\u201d In <i>The 13th International Conference on Learning Representations<\/i>."},{"key":"11","unstructured":"\u51fa\u53e3\u7965\u4e4b (2025). \u4e8b\u4f8b\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u5fa9\u53f7. \u8a00\u8a9e\u51e6\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u7b2c31\u56de\u5e74\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6, pp. 3497\u20133502. [H. Deguchi (2025). Jirei-besu Ishiketteiriron-ni Motoduku Fukugou. Gengoshorigakkai Dai 31 Kai Nenjitaikai Happyouronbunshuu, pp. 3497\u20133502]."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deguchi, H., and Nagata, M. (2025). \u201cCase-Based Decision-Theoretic Decoding with Quality Memories.\u201d In Christodoulopoulos, C., Chakraborty, T., Rose, C., and Peng, V. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing<\/i>, pp. 33679\u201333694, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.emnlp-main.1710"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deguchi, H., Sakai, Y., Kamigaito, H., and Watanabe, T. (2024a). \u201cmbrs: A Library for Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding.\u201d In Hernandez Farias, D. I., Hope, T., and Li, M. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations<\/i>, pp. 351\u2013362, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-demo.37"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deguchi, H., Sakai, Y., Kamigaito, H., Watanabe, T., Tanaka, H., and Utiyama, M. (2024b). \u201cCentroid-Based Efficient Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding.\u201d In Ku, L.-W., Martins, A., and Srikumar, V. (Eds.), <i>Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024<\/i>, pp. 11009\u201311018, Bangkok, Thailand. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.654"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deguchi, H., Watanabe, T., Matsui, Y., Utiyama, M., Tanaka, H., and Sumita, E. (2023). \u201cSubset Retrieval Nearest Neighbor Machine Translation.\u201d In Rogers, A., Boyd-Graber, J., and Okazaki, N. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 174\u2013189, Toronto, Canada. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.10"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeNero, J., Chiang, D., and Knight, K. (2009). \u201cFast Consensus Decoding over Translation Forests.\u201d In Su, K.-Y., Su, J., Wiebe, J., and Li, H. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP<\/i>, pp. 567\u2013575, Suntec, Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.3115\/1690219.1690226"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"Douze, M., Guzhva, A., Deng, C., Johnson, J., Szilvasy, G., Mazar\u00e9, P.-E., Lomeli, M., Hosseini, L., and J\u00e9gou, H. (2024). \u201cThe Faiss Library.\u201d <i>arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.08281<\/i>."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eikema, B., and Aziz, W. (2020). \u201cIs MAP Decoding All You Need? The Inadequacy of the Mode in Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Scott, D., Bel, N., and Zong, C. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics<\/i>, pp. 4506\u20134520, Barcelona, Spain (Online). International Committee on Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.398"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eikema, B., and Aziz, W. (2022). \u201cSampling-Based Approximations to Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Goldberg, Y., Kozareva, Z., and Zhang, Y. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing<\/i>, pp. 10978\u201310993, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.emnlp-main.754"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"Fan, A., Bhosale, S., Schwenk, H., Ma, Z., El-Kishky, A., Goyal, S., Baines, M., Celebi, O., Wenzek, G., Chaudhary, V., Goyal, N., Birch, T., Liptchinsky, V., Edunov, S., Grave, E., Auli, M., and Joulin, A. (2021). \u201cBeyond English-centric Multilingual Machine Translation.\u201d <i>The Journal of Machine Learning Research<\/i>, <b>22<\/b> (1), pp. 4839\u20134886."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, F., Yang, Y., Cer, D., Arivazhagan, N., and Wang, W. (2022). \u201cLanguage-agnostic BERT Sentence Embedding.\u201d In Muresan, S., Nakov, P., and Villavicencio, A. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 878\u2013891, Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.62"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, P., Farinhas, A., Rei, R., C. de Souza, J. G., Ogayo, P., Neubig, G., and Martins, A. (2022). \u201cQuality-Aware Decoding for Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Carpuat, M., de Marneffe, M.-C., and Meza Ruiz, I. V. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies<\/i>, pp. 1396\u20131412, Seattle, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.naacl-main.100"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitag, M., Ghorbani, B., and Fernandes, P. (2023). \u201cEpsilon Sampling Rocks: Investigating Sampling Strategies for Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for Machine Translation.\u201d In Bouamor, H., Pino, J., and Bali, K. (Eds.), <i>Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023<\/i>, pp. 9198\u20139209, Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.617"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitag, M., Grangier, D., Tan, Q., and Liang, B. (2022). \u201cHigh Quality Rather than High Model Probability: Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding with Neural Metrics.\u201d <i>Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, <b>10<\/b>, pp. 811\u2013825.","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00491"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilboa, I., and Schmeidler, D. (1995). \u201cCase-Based Decision Theory.\u201d <i>The Quarterly Journal of Economics<\/i>, <b>110<\/b> (3), pp. 605\u2013639.","DOI":"10.2307\/2946694"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel, V., and Byrne, W. J. (2000). \u201cMinimum Bayes-risk Automatic Speech Recognition.\u201d <i>Computer Speech &amp; Language<\/i>, <b>14<\/b> (2), pp. 115\u2013135.","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.2000.0138"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, J., Wang, Y., Cho, K., and Li, V. O. K. (2018). \u201cSearch Engine Guided Neural Machine Translation.\u201d <i>The 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence<\/i>, pp. 5133\u20135140.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.12013"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerreiro, N. M., Rei, R., Stigt, D. v., Coheur, L., Colombo, P., and Martins, A. F. T. (2024). \u201cxCOMET: Transparent Machine Translation Evaluation through Fine-grained Error Detection.\u201d <i>Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, <b>12<\/b>, pp. 979\u2013995.","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00683"},{"key":"29","unstructured":"He, P., Gao, J., and Chen, W. (2023). \u201cDeBERTaV3: Improving DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style Pre-Training with Gradient-Disentangled Embedding Sharing.\u201d In <i>The 11th International Conference on Learning Representations<\/i>."},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heineman, D., Dou, Y., and Xu, W. (2024). \u201cImproving Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding with Multi-Prompt.\u201d In Al-Onaizan, Y., Bansal, M., and Chen, Y.-N. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing<\/i>, pp. 22525\u201322545, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-main.1255"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, N., Ghazvininejad, M., and Zettlemoyer, L. (2020). \u201cSimple and Effective Retrieve-Edit-Rerank Text Generation.\u201d In Jurafsky, D., Chai, J., Schluter, N., and Tetreault, J. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, pp. 2532\u20132538, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.228"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ichihara, Y., Jinnai, Y., Ariu, K., Morimura, T., and Uchibe, E. (2025). \u201cTheoretical Guarantees for Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding.\u201d In Che, W., Nabende, J., Shutova, E., and Pilehvar, M. T. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 16262\u201316284, Vienna, Austria. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.acl-long.793"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"Imamura, K., and Sumita, E. (2017). \u201cEnsemble and Reranking: Using Multiple Models in the NICT-2 Neural Machine Translation System at WAT2017.\u201d In Nakazawa, T., and Goto, I. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Asian Translation (WAT2017)<\/i>, pp. 127\u2013134, Taipei, Taiwan. Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing."},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e9gou, H., Douze, M., and Schmid, C. (2011). \u201cProduct Quantization for Nearest Neighbor Search.\u201d <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence<\/i>, <b>33<\/b> (1), pp. 117\u2013128.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.57"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jinnai, Y. (2025). \u201cDocument-Level Text Generation with Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding using Optimal Transport.\u201d In Che, W., Nabende, J., Shutova, E., and Pilehvar, M. T. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 28260\u201328279, Vienna, Austria. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.acl-long.1370"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jinnai, Y., and Ariu, K. (2024). \u201cHyperparameter-Free Approach for Faster Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding.\u201d In Ku, L.-W., Martins, A., and Srikumar, V. (Eds.), <i>Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024<\/i>, pp. 8547\u20138566, Bangkok, Thailand. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.505"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, J., Douze, M., and J\u00e9gou, H. (2019). \u201cBillion-scale Similarity Search with GPUs.\u201d <i>IEEE Transactions on Big Data<\/i>, <b>7<\/b> (3), pp. 535\u2013547.","DOI":"10.1109\/TBDATA.2019.2921572"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, K. S., Walker, S., and Robertson, S. E. (2000). \u201cA Probabilistic Model of Information Retrieval: Development and Comparative Experiments: Part 2.\u201d <i>Information Processing &amp; Management<\/i>, <b>36<\/b> (6), pp. 809\u2013840.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(00)00016-9"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juraska, J., Deutsch, D., Finkelstein, M., and Freitag, M. (2024). \u201cMetricX-24: The Google Submission to the WMT 2024 Metrics Shared Task.\u201d In Haddow, B., Kocmi, T., Koehn, P., and Monz, C. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Machine Translation<\/i>, pp. 492\u2013504, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.wmt-1.35"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamigaito, H., Deguchi, H., Sakai, Y., Hayashi, K., and Watanabe, T. (2025). \u201cDiversity Explains Inference Scaling Laws: Through a Case Study of Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding.\u201d In Che, W., Nabende, J., Shutova, E., and Pilehvar, M. T. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 29060\u201329094, Vienna, Austria. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.acl-long.1410"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karpathy, A., and Fei-Fei, L. (2015). \u201cDeep Visual-semantic Alignments for Generating Image Descriptions.\u201d In <i>Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition<\/i>, pp. 3128\u20133137.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298932"},{"key":"42","unstructured":"Khandelwal, U., Fan, A., Jurafsky, D., Zettlemoyer, L., and Lewis, M. (2021). \u201cNearest Neighbor Machine Translation.\u201d In <i>International Conference on Learning Representations<\/i>."},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H., and Lee, J.-H. (2016). \u201cA Recurrent Neural Networks Approach for Estimating the Quality of Machine Translation Output.\u201d In Knight, K., Nenkova, A., and Rambow, O. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies<\/i>, pp. 494\u2013498, San Diego, California. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1059"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H., Lee, J.-H., and Na, S.-H. (2017). \u201cPredictor-Estimator using Multilevel Task Learning with Stack Propagation for Neural Quality Estimation.\u201d In Bojar, O., Buck, C., Chatterjee, R., Federmann, C., Graham, Y., Haddow, B., Huck, M., Yepes, A. J., Koehn, P., and Kreutzer, J. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Machine Translation<\/i>, pp. 562\u2013568, Copenhagen, Denmark. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-4763"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiyono, S., Ito, T., Konno, R., Morishita, M., and Suzuki, J. (2020). \u201cTohoku-AIP-NTT at WMT 2020 News Translation Task.\u201d In Barrault, L., Bojar, O., Bougares, F., Chatterjee, R., Costa-juss\u00e0, M. R., Federmann, C., Fishel, M., Fraser, A., Graham, Y., Guzman, P., Haddow, B., Huck, M., Yepes, A. J., Koehn, P., Martins, A., Morishita, M., Monz, C., Nagata, M., Nakazawa, T., and Negri, M. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Machine Translation<\/i>, pp. 145\u2013155, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.wmt-1.12"},{"key":"46","unstructured":"Koehn, P. (2004). \u201cStatistical Significance Tests for Machine Translation Evaluation.\u201d In Lin, D., and Wu, D. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing<\/i>, pp. 388\u2013395, Barcelona, Spain. Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koehn, P., and Knowles, R. (2017). \u201cSix Challenges for Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Luong, T., Birch, A., Neubig, G., and Finch, A. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Neural Machine Translation<\/i>, pp. 28\u201339, Vancouver. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-3204"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koehn, P., Och, F. J., and Marcu, D. (2003). \u201cStatistical Phrase-Based Translation.\u201d In <i>Proceedings of the 2003 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, pp. 127\u2013133.","DOI":"10.3115\/1073445.1073462"},{"key":"49","unstructured":"Krasin, I., Duerig, T., Alldrin, N., Veit, A., Abu-El-Haija, S., Belongie, S., Cai, D., Feng, Z., Ferrari, V., and Gomes, V. (2017). \u201cOpenImages: A Public Dataset for Large-scale Multi-label and Multi-class Image Classification.\u201d."},{"key":"50","unstructured":"Kumar, S., and Byrne, W. (2004). \u201cMinimum Bayes-Risk Decoding for Statistical Machine Translation.\u201d In <i>Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: HLT-NAACL 2004<\/i>, pp. 169\u2013176, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, A., Auli, M., and Ranzato, M. (2021). \u201cDiscriminative Reranking for Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Zong, C., Xia, F., Li, W., and Navigli, R. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 7250\u20137264, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.563"},{"key":"52","unstructured":"Li, H., Dong, Q., Chen, J., Su, H., Zhou, Y., Ai, Q., Ye, Z., and Liu, Y. (2024). \u201cLLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methods.\u201d <i>arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.05579<\/i>."},{"key":"53","unstructured":"Li, J., Li, D., Savarese, S., and Hoi, S. (2023). \u201cBLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models.\u201d In <i>Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning<\/i>, pp. 19730\u201319742, ICML\u201923. JMLR.org."},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, T.-Y., Maire, M., Belongie, S. J., Hays, J., Perona, P., Ramanan, D., Doll\u00e1r, P., and Zitnick, C. L. (2014). \u201cMicrosoft COCO: Common Objects in Context.\u201d In <i>European Conference on Computer Vision<\/i>, pp. 740\u2013755.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Utiyama, M., Finch, A., and Sumita, E. (2016). \u201cAgreement on Target-bidirectional Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Knight, K., Nenkova, A., and Rambow, O. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies<\/i>, pp. 411\u2013416, San Diego, California. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1046"},{"key":"56","unstructured":"L\u00f9, X. H. (2024). \u201cBM25S: Orders of Magnitude Faster Lexical Search via Eager Sparse Scoring.\u201d <i>arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.03618<\/i>."},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyu, B., Kamigaito, H., Funakoshi, K., and Okumura, M. (2025). \u201cUnveiling the Power of Source: Source-based Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Che, W., Nabende, J., Shutova, E., and Pilehvar, M. T. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 2976\u20132994, Vienna, Austria. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.acl-long.149"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muennighoff, N., Tazi, N., Magne, L., and Reimers, N. (2023). \u201cMTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark.\u201d In Vlachos, A., and Augenstein, I. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, pp. 2014\u20132037, Dubrovnik, Croatia. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.eacl-main.148"},{"key":"59","unstructured":"Nagao, M. (1984). \u201cA Framework of a Mechanical Translation between Japanese and English by Analogy Principle.\u201d In <i>Proceedings of the International NATO Symposium on Artificial and Human Intelligence<\/i>, pp. 173\u2013180."},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakazawa, T., Yaguchi, M., Uchimoto, K., Utiyama, M., Sumita, E., Kurohashi, S., and Isahara, H. (2016). \u201cASPEC: Asian Scientific Paper Excerpt Corpus.\u201d In Calzolari, N., Choukri, K., Declerck, T., Goggi, S., Grobelnik, M., Maegaard, B., Mariani, J., Mazo, H., Moreno, A., Odijk, J., and Piperidis, S. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201916)<\/i>, pp. 2204\u20132208, Portoro\u017e, Slovenia. European Language Resources Association (ELRA).","DOI":"10.63317\/3iku22jbpbzm"},{"key":"61","unstructured":"Neubig, G. (2011). \u201cThe Kyoto Free Translation Task.\u201d http:\/\/www.phontron.com\/kftt."},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng, N., Yee, K., Baevski, A., Ott, M., Auli, M., and Edunov, S. (2019). \u201cFacebook FAIR\u2019s WMT19 News Translation Task Submission.\u201d In Bojar, O., Chatterjee, R., Federmann, C., Fishel, M., Graham, Y., Haddow, B., Huck, M., Yepes, A. J., Koehn, P., Martins, A., Monz, C., Negri, M., N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A., Neves, M., Post, M., Turchi, M., and Verspoor, K. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 2: Shared Task Papers, Day 1)<\/i>, pp. 314\u2013319, Florence, Italy. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-5333"},{"key":"63","unstructured":"Nieminen, T., Tiedemann, J., and Virpioja, S. (2025). \u201cIncorporating Target Fuzzy Matches into Neural Fuzzy Repair.\u201d In Johansson, R., and Stymne, S. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the Joint 25th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics and 11th Baltic Conference on Human Language Technologies (NoDaLiDa\/Baltic-HLT 2025)<\/i>, pp. 408\u2013418, Tallinn, Estonia. University of Tartu Library."},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishida, Y., Morishita, M., Deguchi, H., Kamigaito, H., and Watanabe, T. (2025). \u201cLong-Tail Crisis in Nearest Neighbor Language Models.\u201d In Chiruzzo, L., Ritter, A., and Wang, L. (Eds.), <i>Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2025<\/i>, pp. 5965\u20135978, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.findings-naacl.331"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohashi, A., Honda, U., Morimura, T., and Jinnai, Y. (2024). \u201cOn the True Distribution Approximation of Minimum Bayes-Risk Decoding.\u201d In Duh, K., Gomez, H., and Bethard, S. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 2: Short Papers)<\/i>, pp. 459\u2013468, Mexico City, Mexico. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.naacl-short.38"},{"key":"66","unstructured":"Oquab, M., Darcet, T., Moutakanni, T., Vo, H. V., Szafraniec, M., Khalidov, V., Fernandez, P., HAZIZA, D., Massa, F., El-Nouby, A., Assran, M., Ballas, N., Galuba, W., Howes, R., Huang, P.-Y., Li, S.-W., Misra, I., Rabbat, M., Sharma, V., Synnaeve, G., Xu, H., Jegou, H., Mairal, J., Labatut, P., Joulin, A., and Bojanowski, P. (2024). \u201cDINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision.\u201d <i>Transactions on Machine Learning Research<\/i>. Featured Certification."},{"key":"67","unstructured":"Ott, M., Auli, M., Grangier, D., and Ranzato, M. (2018). \u201cAnalyzing Uncertainty in Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Dy, J., and Krause, A. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, Vol. 80 of Proceedings of Machine Learning Research<\/i>, pp. 3956\u20133965. PMLR."},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., and Zhu, W.-J. (2002). \u201cBleu: A Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation.\u201d In Isabelle, P., Charniak, E., and Lin, D. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, pp. 311\u2013318, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pont-Tuset, J., Uijlings, J., Changpinyo, S., Soricut, R., and Ferrari, V. (2020). \u201cConnecting Vision and Language with Localized Narratives.\u201d In <i>Computer Vision\u2014ECCV 2020: 16th European Conference, Proceedings, Part V<\/i>, pp. 23\u201328, Glasgow, UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58558-7_38"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popovi\u0107, M. (2015). \u201cchrF: Character n-gram F-score for Automatic MT Evaluation.\u201d In Bojar, O., Chatterjee, R., Federmann, C., Haddow, B., Hokamp, C., Huck, M., Logacheva, V., and Pecina, P. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation<\/i>, pp. 392\u2013395, Lisbon, Portugal. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W15-3049"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raina, V., and Gales, M. (2023). \u201cMinimum Bayes\u2019 Risk Decoding for System Combination of Grammatical Error Correction Systems.\u201d In Park, J. C., Arase, Y., Hu, B., Lu, W., Wijaya, D., Purwarianti, A., and Krisnadhi, A. A. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 3rd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)<\/i>, pp. 105\u2013112, Nusa Dua, Bali. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.ijcnlp-short.12"},{"key":"72","unstructured":"Rei, R., C. de Souza, J. G., Alves, D., Zerva, C., Farinha, A. C., Glushkova, T., Lavie, A., Coheur, L., and Martins, A. F. T. (2022a). \u201cCOMET-22: Unbabel-IST 2022 Submission for the Metrics Shared Task.\u201d In Koehn, P., Barrault, L., Bojar, O., Bougares, F., Chatterjee, R., Costa-juss\u00e0, M. R., Federmann, C., Fishel, M., Fraser, A., Freitag, M., Graham, Y., Grundkiewicz, R., Guzman, P., Haddow, B., Huck, M., Jimeno Yepes, A., Kocmi, T., Martins, A., Morishita, M., Monz, C., Nagata, M., Nakazawa, T., Negri, M., N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A., Neves, M., Popel, M., Turchi, M., and Zampieri, M. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Machine Translation (WMT)<\/i>, pp. 578\u2013585, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Hybrid). Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"73","unstructured":"Rei, R., Treviso, M., Guerreiro, N. M., Zerva, C., Farinha, A. C., Maroti, C., C. de Souza, J. G., Glushkova, T., Alves, D., Coheur, L., Lavie, A., and Martins, A. F. T. (2022b). \u201cCometKiwi: IST-Unbabel 2022 Submission for the Quality Estimation Shared Task.\u201d In Koehn, P., Barrault, L., Bojar, O., Bougares, F., Chatterjee, R., Costa-juss\u00e0, M. R., Federmann, C., Fishel, M., Fraser, A., Freitag, M., Graham, Y., Grundkiewicz, R., Guzman, P., Haddow, B., Huck, M., Jimeno Yepes, A., Kocmi, T., Martins, A., Morishita, M., Monz, C., Nagata, M., Nakazawa, T., Negri, M., N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A., Neves, M., Popel, M., Turchi, M., and Zampieri, M. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Machine Translation (WMT)<\/i>, pp. 634\u2013645, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Hybrid). Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sellam, T., Das, D., and Parikh, A. (2020). \u201cBLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generation.\u201d In Jurafsky, D., Chai, J., Schluter, N., and Tetreault, J. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics<\/i>, pp. 7881\u20137892, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.704"},{"key":"75","unstructured":"Shen, L., Sarkar, A., and Och, F. J. (2004). \u201cDiscriminative Reranking for Machine Translation.\u201d In <i>Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: HLT-NAACL 2004<\/i>, pp. 177\u2013184, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"76","unstructured":"Shen, T., Ott, M., Auli, M., and Ranzato, M. (2019). \u201cMixture Models for Diverse Machine Translation: Tricks of the Trade.\u201d In Chaudhuri, K., and Salakhutdinov, R. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning<\/i>, Vol. 97 of <i>Proceedings of Machine Learning Research<\/i>, pp. 5719\u20135728. PMLR."},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trabelsi, F., Vilar, D., Finkelstein, M., and Freitag, M. (2024). \u201cEfficient Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding using Low-Rank Matrix Completion Algorithms.\u201d In <i>The 38th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems<\/i>.","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-1734"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vamvas, J., and Sennrich, R. (2024). \u201cLinear-time Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding with Reference Aggregation.\u201d In Ku, L.-W., Martins, A., and Srikumar, V. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)<\/i>, pp. 790\u2013801, Bangkok, Thailand. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-short.71"},{"key":"79","unstructured":"von Neumann, J., and Morgenstern, O. (1944). <i>Theory of Games and Economic Behavior<\/i>. Princeton University Press, Princeton."},{"key":"80","unstructured":"Wang, L., Yang, N., Huang, X., Yang, L., Majumder, R., and Wei, F. (2024). \u201cMultilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report.\u201d <i>arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.05672<\/i>."},{"key":"81","unstructured":"Xu, H., Murray, K., Koehn, P., Hoang, H., Eriguchi, A., and Khayrallah, H. (2025). \u201cX-ALMA: Plug &amp; Play Modules and Adaptive Rejection for Quality Translation at Scale.\u201d In <i>The 13th International Conference on Learning Representations<\/i>."},{"key":"82","unstructured":"Xu, J., Crego, J., and Senellart, J. (2022). \u201cBoosting Neural Machine Translation with Similar Translations.\u201d In Campbell, J., Larocca, S., Marciano, J., Savenkov, K., and Yanishevsky, A. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 15th Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (Volume 2: Users and Providers Track and Government Track)<\/i>, pp. 282\u2013292, Orlando, USA. Association for Machine Translation in the Americas."},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yee, K., Dauphin, Y., and Auli, M. (2019). \u201cSimple and Effective Noisy Channel Modeling for Neural Machine Translation.\u201d In Inui, K., Jiang, J., Ng, V., and Wan, X. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)<\/i>, pp. 5696\u20135701, Hong Kong, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1571"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yokoi, S., Kobayashi, S., Fukumizu, K., Suzuki, J., and Inui, K. (2018). \u201cPointwise HSIC: A Linear-Time Kernelized Co-occurrence Norm for Sparse Linguistic Expressions.\u201d In Riloff, E., Chiang, D., Hockenmaier, J., and Tsujii, J. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing<\/i>, pp. 1763\u20131775, Brussels, Belgium. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1203"},{"key":"85","unstructured":"Yu, L., Blunsom, P., Dyer, C., Grefenstette, E., and Kocisky, T. (2017). \u201cThe Neural Noisy Channel.\u201d In <i>International Conference on Learning Representations<\/i>."},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Utiyama, M., Sumita, E., Neubig, G., and Nakamura, S. (2018). \u201cGuiding Neural Machine Translation with Retrieved Translation Pieces.\u201d In Walker, M., Ji, H., and Stent, A. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)<\/i>, pp. 1325\u20131335, New Orleans, Louisiana. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1120"},{"key":"87","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Kishore, V., Wu, F., Weinberger, K. Q., and Artzi, Y. (2020). \u201cBERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT.\u201d In <i>International Conference on Learning Representations<\/i>."},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Tan, Z., Zhang, M., Maimaiti, M., Luan, H., Sun, M., Liu, Q., and Liu, Y. (2021). \u201cSelf-Supervised Quality Estimation for Machine Translation.\u201d In Moens, M.-F., Huang, X., Specia, L., and Yih, S. W.-t. (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing<\/i>, pp. 3322\u20133334, Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.267"}],"container-title":["Journal of Natural Language Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jnlp\/33\/2\/33_989\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:44:51Z","timestamp":1781930691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jnlp\/33\/2\/33_989\/_article\/-char\/ja\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5715\/jnlp.33.989","relation":{},"ISSN":["1340-7619","2185-8314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1340-7619","type":"print"},{"value":"2185-8314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}