{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:42:43Z","timestamp":1790599363839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SMW Supporting Association","issue":"5152","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Swiss Med Wkly"],"abstract":"<jats:p>AIM OF THE STUDY: In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, preoperative depressive and anxiety symptoms and increased postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been associated with adverse outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that preoperative depressive and anxiety symptoms predict elevated in-hospital CRP levels after cardiac surgery.\r\nMETHODS: The study participants were 96 consecutive patients (mean age [SD], 67.6 [10.3] years, 78.1% men) from a single cardiac surgery centre who underwent either isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 34), isolated valve surgery (n = 29), combined procedures (including different combinations of CABG, valve surgery, aortic surgery, and others) (n = 30), or other cardiac surgical procedures (n = 3). Participants self-rated depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire before undergoing elective surgery. CRP levels were measured every 24 h up to 10 days post-surgery. Linear mixed (random effects) regression analysis examined the association between preoperative depressive and anxiety symptoms and CRP levels over time, adjusting for pre-surgery CRP levels, demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and surgery-related variables.\r\nRESULTS: Before surgery, 32.2% of patients had clinically relevant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score \u22655) and 32.2% of patients had clinically relevant anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score \u22655). More severe depressive symptoms (estimate [95% CI]: 0.081 [0.023, 0.139], p = 0.007) and more severe anxiety symptoms (0.059 [0.005, 0.113], p = 0.032) predicted CRP levels over 10 days, independent of covariates. Furthermore, CRP levels were higher in patients with than in those without clinically relevant depressive symptoms (0.697 [0.204, 1.191], p = 0.006) and were predicted by both more severe somatic (0.132 [0.035, 0.229], p = 0.008) and cognitive (0.128 [0.014, 0.242], p = 0.029) depressive symptoms.\r\nCONCLUSIONS: Preoperative depressive and anxiety symptoms were independent predictors of elevated CRP levels up to 10 days post-surgery. Such a mechanism may help explain the increased morbidity and mortality risk in patients with depression and anxiety who undergo cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.57187\/smw.2022.40018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T18:20:51Z","timestamp":1672683651000},"page":"40018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Preoperative depression and anxiety as predictors of postoperative C-reactive protein levels in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.57187","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Roland","family":"Von K\u00e4nel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Rosselet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Gessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Haeussler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Aschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Dzemali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"36756","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"80264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040909"},{"key":"80265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.11.011"},{"key":"80266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-017-1022-3"},{"key":"80267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.06.052"},{"key":"80268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1263.2011.12221"},{"key":"80269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200207000-00030"},{"key":"80270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.531152"},{"key":"80271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200606001-00703"},{"key":"80272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2020.1748716"},{"key":"80273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu099"},{"key":"80274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226032"},{"key":"80275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e3283487d96"},{"key":"80276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.02.010"},{"key":"80277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.12.005"},{"key":"80278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00867-4"},{"key":"80279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027925"},{"key":"80280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S340388"},{"key":"80281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22710"},{"key":"80282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.029"},{"key":"80283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318768940"},{"key":"80284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.11.008"},{"key":"80285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520977417"},{"key":"80286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.892372"},{"key":"80287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00061.x"},{"key":"80288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000063"},{"key":"80289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.114234"},{"key":"80290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"80291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"80292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.04.298"},{"key":"80293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006"},{"key":"80294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.741039"},{"key":"80295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2348250"},{"key":"80296","unstructured":"Hemmerich W. 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